THE NECROPSY BOOK 4 th ed. King et al., CL Davis DVM foundation 164 - 185

THENECROPSY BOOK4th ed.King et al.,CL Davis DVM foundation164 - 185 Dr. Park Nam-Yong LIVER GROSS PATHOLOGY

DIFFUSELY ENLARGED LIVER(HEPATOMEGALY) • Enlarged firm liver with round edges • Terminal hypostasis from muscle and bowel’s blood • Not a Congestion or hyperemia • Pale or congested with lymphoid neoplasia • Shiny mottled cut surface - amyloidosis

CHRONIC PASSIVE CONGESTION(NUTMEG) LIVER • Mottled dark and light parenchyma • Large areas of dark mixed with light areas • Causes to look for- Severe lung disease Heart anomalies Chronic heart disease Caudal venacava thrombosis • Often noticed with, Aortic stenosis and Left heat lesions

ACUTE FATTY LIVER(FATTY LIVER) Diffuse, distinctly yellow, swollen liver - Normal fatty liver Pale gray in acute anaemia Rounded edges Floats in water or formalin fixative Evidence for acute starvation Diabetes mellitus Pregnancy diseases Aflatoxin, Phosphorus poisoning Upset in dietary fat metabolism

CHRONIC EMACIATION • Smaller and darker liver than normal • Liver is half of its normal size • Portal triad bile ducts increased in number • Horse – check teeth, If there is no other reason

ANEMIA A diffuse pale liver Slight grayish tinge to the capsular surface Liver that sinks in water

HEPATIC HYPOSTASIS( DIFFUSE BLOODY LIVER) • At necropsy, often an artifact or normal finding • In fresh necropsy, blood excessive • Also occurs in lung, kidneys and other tissues

PROMINENT LOBULAR PATTERN • Each and every lobule – distinct • Paler portal area around • Darker central vein • Prominent in cats and horse - normal

THEILER’S DISEASE“serum sickness” • Small, dark, pale liver • Flabby with “wet dishrag” consistency • Seen in jaundiced horse with nervous signs • Has a history of injection with Tetanus anti toxin within last 1 – 3 months • Histologically – massive liver necrosis

POSTMORTEM DECOMPOSITION • Large,pale,discrete areas with gas bubbles • Many closely involve the hilar area • No inflammatory reaction around them • Most float in water

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SCATTERED MULTIFOCAL TO DIFFUSE HEPATIC SCARRING(ASCARID INDUCED MILK SPOTTED LIVER) • Pig – multiple pale white spots, looks like a milk drop on the surface • Due to Ascaris lumbricoides or Stephanurus sp. Larval migration • Although severe cases only few larvae found histologically

FIBROSIS OF LIVERA. POST NECROTIC SCARRING • A large coarsely nodular liver • Marked irregular bands or stellate scars of c.t. scattered • Connective tissue- acute massive damage to parenchyma

FIBROSIS OF LIVERB. CIRRHOSIS • A diffusely, uniformly firm liver, with thickened capsules • Increase of connective tissue in the cirrhotic area • Chronic biliary cirrhosis - liver green tinge • Cardiac cirrhosis due to heart anomalies& Vitamin E/Se deficiency – horse, ox, sheep and goat

SOLID HEPATIC MASSES • Dissected, cultured and histologically examined for definitive diagnosis • Lymphosarcomas : Usually white in color, but often yellow - green in dry necrotic centers. • Hemangiosarcomas – blood filled 1-2mm to 10-20 cm masses • Similar masses may be seen in spleen, right atrium and lungs.

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THE NECROPSY BOOK 4 th ed. King et al., CL Davis DVM foundation 164 - 185