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Global Geopolitical Change

Global Geopolitical Change. Regionalizing Europe. Supranational Economic Organizations. European Themes. Changing Map – Nation-state giving up sovereignty to regional organizations Who belongs to the various groups? How do they feel about it?— Changing Identities of Nation and Region

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Global Geopolitical Change

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  1. Global Geopolitical Change Regionalizing Europe

  2. Supranational Economic Organizations

  3. European Themes • Changing Map – Nation-state giving up sovereignty to regional organizations • Who belongs to the various groups? • How do they feel about it?—Changing Identities of Nation and Region • What does it mean to be European?

  4. Changing Boundaries In Europe1914-2004

  5. European Membership Characteristics (Formal) • Stable Democracy (human rights etc) • “European” location • Market economy • Accept EU treaties

  6. Informal European Characteristics • High income • Stable democracy • High education levels • Human rights protection – e.g. no death penalty • Christian • Material possessions (TV, cars, etc) • Interest in politics (high turnout) • “Green” attitudes • High taxes: social community

  7. Score on “European-ness” (max. 12)

  8. Treaties pulling Europe together-NATO

  9. Belgium (1949) Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy Luxembourg United Kingdom United States Netherlands Norway Portugal Greece (1952) Turkey Germany (1955) Spain (1982) Poland (1999) Hungary Czech Republic 2004: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania Romania, Slovakia Slovenia NATO Membershttp://www.nato.int/multi/interactive-maps/NatoFlash_en.Cache.html

  10. Albania Croatia Macedonia Applicants to NATO

  11. Treaties pulling Europe together: many layers over time • Coal and Steel Community 1952 • EEC (European Economic Community) 1957 (Common market) • Expanded between 1973-1986 • Single European Act 1987 • Removed remaining barriers to trade

  12. Treaties pulling Europe together: coalescing union • Treaty on European Union 1992 • “The Maastricht Agreement” • Common security • Common foreign policy • Blueprint for monetary union (Euro) • New Members 1995: • Sweden, Austria and Finland • Rejected entry – Norway and Switzerland • New Members 2004: • Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, • Slovenia, Malta, Cyprus • Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania • Applicants: • Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Turkey

  13. Treaties pulling Europe together: coalescing union • “Schengen” treaty 1999: Rules on freedom of movement • “Fortress Europe” • Yes Iceland, Norway, • NOT Ireland, UK • “The Belgian Curtain”

  14. The Belgian Curtain: pre 2004

  15. Euroland • “Euro” replaces currencies of individual countries • Efficiency and competitiveness • NOT: UK, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland • NOT yet?: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

  16. European Union/Euroland

  17. What EU says about itself • “The European Union (EU) is a family of democratic European countries, committed to working together for peace and prosperity….. • It is not a State intended to replace existing states, but it is more than any other international organisation.” • “The rule of law is fundamental to the European Union. “

  18. five EU institutions • European Parliament (elected by the peoples of the Member States);  • Council of the European Union (representing the governments of the Member States);  • European Commission (driving force and executive body);  • Court of Justice (ensuring compliance with the law);  • Court of Auditors (controlling sound and lawful management of the EU budget).

  19. Europe: the big picture • EU: 27 states • Skeptics: Switzerland, Norway, Iceland • Maybe ? • Croatia, Switzerland • On very long finger • Turkey, Albania • Euroland: 12 states • Skeptics 3 states (UK, Sweden, Norway)

  20. Next step: EU Constitution

  21. Is your country’s membership in the EU a good thing? Source: Eurobarometer 2000

  22. Support for a common defenseand security policy. Source: Eurobarometer 2000

  23. European Support for Integration • Overall support for EU membership: • Good thing 49% • Bad thing 14% • Not good nor bad 28% • Don’t know 9% • Overall support for a common foreign policy • Yes 64% • No 17% • Don’t know 19%

  24. Eastern Europe: New Europe meets Old Europe • Geography • History • Sense of cohesive identity • Historical antecedents in political realms • Austro-Hungarian legacies • Depth of Communist Control • Post Communist Policies • Cleaning house of Communists • Adopting a market economy • Strategic welcoming

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