OHIO

1. OHIO THE BUCKEYE STATE Ohio is called the Buckeye State because of it’s many Buckeye trees covering it’s plains and hill tops. By Tina Hayes

2. Topography Ohio has 4 regions, The Till Plains, Appalachian Plains, Lake Plains, and Bluegrass Region. Each region has their own type of topography. Long ago about 12000 years BC (during the Ice Age) glaciers covered most of Ohio. Later on after the Archaic tribe traveled to Ohio the glaciers had melted completely and had left large flat topped mountains and small hills. The Appalachian Plaeaus covered the southern side of Ohio in rugged mountains and the northern part of the area was left flat. The Appalachian Plateaus covered the eastern side of Ohio in rugged mountains while the northern side of the area wasn’t covered by glaciers and was left flat. Lake plain however, is home to Kelleys and Bass Island. These islands were carved over by glaciers over 30000 years ago and left a gash about 400 feet wide and 35 feet deep. Lake Plain also has extremely good soil to plant fruits and vegetables. The Till Plains are south of Lake Plains in the west central area of Ohio. The glaciers however left this land flat. The Till Plains are also home to the highest and lowest point of Ohio, Campbell Hill (highest) at 1549 feet , and Hamilton County (lowest) at 455 feet. It is also part of the corn belt, the corn belt produces tons of corn during the states long hot summers. The Till Plains also produce soybeans, grain and raises livestock. The Bluegrass Region is a triangular shaped area that wasn’t affected by the glaciers. It also has gentle hills, and is an extension of the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky . Only the Rocky Mountains in Colorado are larger than the Appalachian Plateaus. The Till Plains are home to both the highest and lowest points in Ohio Kelleys and Bass Islands are both located near the Lake Plains region. Ohio’s Bluegrass region is a triangular shaped area that is an extension of Kentucky’s Bluegrass region.

3. Climate Ohio has hot, humid summers and cold dry winters. The average temperature for the summer in Ohio is 84° and the average for July is 73° but the highest temperature in Ohio reaches a stunning 113°. This record was located in Gallipolis, Ohio on July 21, 1934. WOW! How cold the lowest temperature dropped to -39° in Milligan, Ohio on February 10, 1899.The average for January is 28°. Ohio receives quite a bit of rain each year, about 38 inches in Cleveland and 37 inches for Columbus! But the wettest area in Ohio is in the southwest where they receive 44 inches of rain fall. The driest part of Ohio is near Lake Eire (one of the great lakes) where they only receive 32 inches of rain fall and snow fall combined. About 2.5 feet of snow falls each year in Ohio but the eastern and western part of the state gets about 100 feet annually in a year. Summers in Ohio are hot and humid and can reach a temperature of 73° in July. Cold and dry is what winters in Ohio are like. The average snow fall in a year for the northern and southern sides of Ohio receives 100 feet annually. This gorgeous city, Cleveland, receives about 37 inches of snow each year.

4. History Ohio’s first inhabitants were the Paleo Indians, they lived in Ohio in the time area of 12000 B.C. when the glaciers still covered the northern and western parts of Ohio. The Paleo Indians hunted with spears and killed large animals such as deer, and small game they also fished and gathered nuts and fruits. Once the massive glaciers melted and formed the Great Lakes the Paleo Indians left towards the water. Later on after the Paleo Indians left the Archaic people traveled to Ohio, they settled down in small communities, the Archaic people built small tents made from wooden poles and covered in animal hides or bark. They hunted for small animals and in streams for fish. When the Ice Age ended the climate changed and became warmer and more humid and during this change in climate a variety of plants grew and animals began to thrive. The Archaic people had to eat different foods now such as fish, acorns, and berries. As the culture changed in Ohio the Woodland Tradition began. The Woodland people built permanent villages in Ohio over 2000 years ago and they built burial mounds from earth and stone. Some of the mounds still exist today such as the Serpent Mound in Adams County. The Woodland people included people known as the Adena and the Hopewell. The Adena people were Ohio’s first farmers they grew Sunflowers, Squash and Corn. Later on the European began to explore and settle in the Ohio land. Like many states Ohio had problems with Indians and White settlers and After the Battle Of Fallen Timber which occurred during the late 1700s, Native American leaders signed a Treaty. The Treaty was called the Treaty of Greenville. This Treaty forced Native Americans to move to the northwestern part of Ohio. During the Civil War, much like other states on the northern side of the United States, Ohio did not allow slavery. Many Ohioans as well as their neighbors wanted to put an end to slavery once and for all. In fact many slaves escaped from their owners and fled to Canada, passing through Ohio. The Serpent Mound in Adams County are one of the historical burial grounds the Adena people constructed. Long ago glaciers covered the northern and western parts of Ohio. The Adena people were Ohio’s first farmers, they grew sunflowers , squash, and Corn.

5. Time Lines 1669 French explorer Rene Robert Cavelier explores the Ohio River. 1620-1776 Pilgrims set up Plymouth colony. 1600s 1607-1776 The First permanent British settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. Marietta, the first settlement of Northwest Territory, is established. 1783-1787 American Revolutionary War ends. 1700s 1787 U.S. Constitution is written 1776 American colonies declare independence from England. 1812-15 U.S. and England fight the war of 1812. 1868 Civil War General Ulysses S. Grant is elected President. 1800s 1803 Ohio becomes the seventeenth state. 1861-65 Civil War occurs in the United States. 1816 Columbus becomes the permanent capitol of Ohio. 1879 Thomas Edison invents the Light Bulb. 1955 The first Ohio Turnpike opens. 1900s Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the moon. 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright fly the first airplane. 1929 The U.S. enters the Great Depression.

6. Map Lake Plain Till Plains Appalachian Plateaus Bluegrass Region Ohio has four different regions to represent, The Bluegrass region , a triangular shaped area that’s a extension of the Kentucky Bluegrass region. The Till Plains, located south of Lake Plain and grows Soybeans and other farm product. The Appalachian Plateaus, covering the south side of Ohio in rugged Hills from the glaciers over 12000 years ago. Last but not least Lake Plain, a great place to plant produce because of it’s rich soil. Till Plains Appalachian Plateaus Bluegrass Region Lake Plain

7. Tourist Attractions The amazing Rock and Roll Hall of Fame shows films and videos of well known composers, including John Lennon! The Indians have been playing in Cleveland, Ohio at Jacob’s Field since 1994. The Columbus Zoo is home to almost 5000 animals and over 700 species. Cedar Point is the Rollercoaster Capitol of the world and a few years ago built a new rollercoaster. The Kalahari Water park Resort has amazing slides, rides, and a spa that will blow you away!

8. State Symbols State Capitol: Columbus Flower: Red carnation Beverage: Tomato juice Insect: Ladybug Animal: White-tailed deer Bird: Cardinal Fossil: Isoletus Gemstone: Flint Tree: The Buckeye Reptile: Black racer snake Second Largest City Population: Cleveland

9. Famous People General George Armstrong Custard, a man who led fearless people into the Battle of the Little Big Horn, and was born in New Rumley. Emmy, Golden Globe, and Academy award winner Halle Berry was born in Cleveland. The only man with over 1000 patents, Thomas Edison, born in Milan. Daniel Beard, founder of the Boy Scouts of America, born in Cincinnati. The amazing John Glenn, the first man to orbit the Earth, born in Cambridge. R.L. Stein is a popular author of the series Goosebumps, born in Bexley.

10. Fun Facts DID YOU KNOW? That Columbus, Ohio is the fifteenth largest city in the United States? DID YOU KNOW? Between the 1870s and 1900s more rubber tires were made in Akron, Ohio then any other location in the world. DID YOU KNOW? Skyline Chili, a fantastic chili made the best in Cincinnati since 1949. DID YOU KNOW? In 1879 James J. Ritty invented the first cash register. DID YOU KNOW? In all there are 88 counties in Ohio. DID YOU KNOW? Akron, Ohio was the first city to use Police Cars.

11. Image Locations http://www.ohiohcp.org/images/Ohio%20flag.jpg http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3109/2819580499_4546cdd41d_m.jpg http://www.middlebassisland.net/sitebuilder/images/MBI2-445x291.jpg http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Portals/2/parks/images/refreshers0306/adamslake001.jpg http://www.sbu.edu/uploadedImages/Campus_Life/Student_Organizations/Campus_Activities_Board/cedar%20point.jpg http://www.sellingyourcolumbusohiohome.com/files/1665605/columbus-ohio-lawyers.jpg http://www.craftster.org/pictures/data/500/121194_Ohio_photo_Original.jpg http://photos.demandstudios.com/85/130/fotolia_111225_XS.jpg http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2150/2074791613_3950c1fc12.jpg http://www.clevelandleader.com/files/cleverland-progressive-field-l1.jpg http://comdev.osu.edu/images/ohio_map.gif http://www.planetware.com/i/photo/ohio-statehouse-columbus-oh370.jpg http://simbania.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/white_tailed_deer_buck.jpg http://cache1.assetcache.net/xc/82399266.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=6C4008C0FD9EB5A572EFBBD99C5AE9D52C7FE619ED48A4B9296B36E266E27DC1E30A760B0D811297 http://www.ohio-nature.com/image-files/cardinal-lg.jpg http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/8645682/2/istockphoto_8645682-red-carnation-flower-isolated-on-white.jpg http://wiki.chemeddl.org/images/6/67/Flint.jpg http://sophiewasadog.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/ladybug1.jpg http://www.virginiaherpetologicalsociety.com/reptiles/snakes/northernblackracer/Northern%20Black%20Racer(Coluber%20constrictor%20constrictor)026.jpg http://www.colostate.edu/Dept/CoopExt/4dmg/images/redbudk1.jpg http://robinsonlibrary.com/america/uslocal/northwest/ohio/general/graphics/fossil.jpg http://discounthotels.com/travel-blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/cleveland_ohio.jpg http://media.oregonlive.com/commuting/photo/goodyear-tires-on-salejpg-3180d3aa76b72134.jpg http://www.hickerphoto.com/data/media/30/pictures-of-glaciers_333.jpg http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1532/PreviewComp/SuperStock_1532R-35703.jpg http://image60.webshots.com/60/0/82/46/2070082460055403717hJdafJ_fs.jpg http://www.eoearth.org/files/114501_114600/114513/160px\Ecoregions_of_Indiana_and_Ohio_Eastern_Corn_1.JPG http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/misc/in98forests/webversion/images/p11top.jpg http://www.eoearth.org/files/114501_114600/114518/175pxEcoregions_of_Indiana_and_Ohio_Huron_Erie_1.JPG http://q1com.com/PIX-ILLLUSTRATIONS/Columbus-Zoo.jpg http://www.familyvacationcritic.com/images/fampics/kalahari-ohio-overview.jpg http://www.eurweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/halle-berry.jpg http://www.timesnews.net/data/uploads/userarticle//10239/66367GeorgeArmstrongCusterWEB.jpg http://www.euclidlibrary.org/Libraries/Kids/Thomas-Edison.sflb.ashx http://www.audiologyonline.com/management/uploads/interviews/john_glenn3.gif http://img1.fantasticfiction.co.uk/images/1/7096.jpg http://www.usbr.gov/history/photos/beard2.jpg http://www.dimensionsguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Cash-Registers.jpeg http://www.copcarland.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/dodge-charger-copcar-02.jpg Brown, Dottie, et al. Ohio. 1. First Avenue Publications, Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications, 1992. Print. Kline, Nancy. Ohio-From Sea To Shining Sea. 1. Library Of Congress, Canada: Children's Press, 2002. Print. Schonberg, Marcia. Uniquely Ohio. 1. Library Of Congress, Chicago, Illinois: Heinemann Library, 2003. Print. Deady, Kathleen W.. Ohio-Portraits Of The States. 1. Library Of Congress, Pleasantville, New York: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2006. Print.