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TMJ ( ginglymoarthrodial jt )

TMJ ( ginglymoarthrodial jt ). The TMJ is one of the most complex as well as most used joint in a human body TMJ connects the mandible or the lower jaw to the skull and regulates the movement of the jaw.

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TMJ ( ginglymoarthrodial jt )

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  1. TMJ (ginglymoarthrodialjt) • The TMJ is one of the most complex as well as most used joint in a human body • TMJ connects the mandible or the lower jaw to the skull and regulates the movement of the jaw. • It is a bi-condylar joint in which the condyles, located at the two ends of the mandible, function at the same time. • The important functions of the TMJ are mastication and speech.

  2. TMJ

  3. The common features : • A disk, bone, fibrous capsule, fluid, synovial membrane, and ligaments. • The features that differentiate and make this joint unique are its articular surface covered by fibrocartilage not hyaline cartilage. • Movement is not only guided by the shape of the bones, muscles, and ligaments but also by the occlusion of the teeth, since both joints are joined by a single mandible bone and cannot move independently of each other.

  4. Outer oblique band & Inner horizontal band (ligaments)

  5. TMJ

  6. Muscles of Mastication • Temporalis, Masseter,  • Buccinator, Medial/Lateral  • pterygoid

  7. TMD • TMD - any problem concerning the jaw joint. • Injury to the jaw, TMJ, or muscles of the head and neck can cause TMD. • The most common TMJ disorders are pain dysfunction syndrome,internalderangement, arthritis, and traumas

  8. TMD • 3 main categories: • 1. muscle disorders; pain in muscles controlling jaw function, neck, shoulder muscles (myofacial pain) most common • 2. derangement disorder; dislocated jaw, displaced disc and injured bone • 3. degenerative disorder; degeneration of the TMJ.

  9. Causes • Injury; heavy blow • Wear & tear • Behavioral factors; chewing gum, teeth grinding, clenching • Stress • Malocclusion/ bad bite chewing on one side TMD

  10. S & S • Pain TMJ muscles • Limited movt/locking of jaw • Pain in the face, neck or shoulders • Painful clicking, popping or grating sounds in jt while opening or closing the mouth. • Sudden, major change in the way upper and lower teeth fit together.

  11. Headaches, earaches, dizziness and hearing problems/ tinnitus sometimes attributed to TMDs

  12. Limited jaw opening

  13. Clicking

  14. Adhesions

  15. Arthritis

  16. Diagnosis • Description of symptoms + simple physical examination of face and jaw. • PE includes feeling the jaw jts and muscles of masticatio(chewing) pain and tenderness • Listening for clicking, popping/gratting sounds • Limitation of motion/ locking of jaw while opening/closing the mouth.

  17. Checking pt’s dental/ medical hx • Regular dental xrays/ tmjxrays not always useful • Arthrography, MRI and CAT scans appropriate

  18. THANK YOU  SEE YOU SOON

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