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Symbiosis: Living Together

Symbiosis: Living Together. 3 types of symbiotic relationships mutualism, commensalism, parasitism. Parasitism: a parasite expliots the resources of its host to its own benefit, while harming the host.

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Symbiosis: Living Together

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  1. Symbiosis: Living Together

  2. 3 typesof symbiotic relationshipsmutualism, commensalism, parasitism

  3. Parasitism: a parasite expliots the resources of its host to its own benefit, while harming the host

  4. Commensalism:two specifies form a close association where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

  5. Shrimp and anemone

  6. Commensalism

  7. Mutualism: an intimate association between two species that offers advantage to both species

  8. Examples • Bread mold and bacteria • algal blooms can lead to the death of many species of fish, however the algae do not benefit from the deaths of these individuals. • occurs when one species hurts another, but does not benefit from this interaction • -/0 relationship Amensalism

  9. Parasitism

  10. a nitrogen producer selling excess heat and CO2 to a greenhouse grower that is then able to increase yields and cut energy costs • a construction company using discarded car tires to line a drainage ditch, avoiding fresh materials. Industrial Symbiosis

  11. Attack of the Bot Flies!! • Order Diptera, Family Cuterebridae, Dermatobia hominis • Torsalo or “Human Bot Fly” is native to Central and South America • Exhibits both Commensalism and Parasitism

  12. Life Cycle • Female torsalos glue their eggs to the abdomen of a mosquito or fly • Body heat from the host triggers rapid hatching of the torsalo's eggs.   The tiny maggots burrow quickly into the skin (even through clothing) and begin development as internal parasites. • Larvae develop over a period of 5-10 weeks, forming a painful cyst under the skin.   When mature, they emerge from the host, fall to the ground, and pupate.   The adult fly emerges several weeks later.

  13. General Characteristics • An adult torsalo is a rather large insect (10-15 mm) with a bluish-black body, brown wings, and yellow markings on the face and legs. • Fastest flies in the world (80/kph)!! • Adults lack maxillary palps and are thought to be unable to feed due to their atrophied mouthparts. Rely on food reserve from larval stage. • Larvae have sharp spikes to anchor themselves to host • Bacteria microhabitat?

  14. Treatment

  15. Bot Flyoramma! • Cattle Bot Fly • Rodent/Tree Squirrel Bot Fly • Nose (Sheep) Bot Fly • Stomach (Horse) Bot Fly

  16. Rodent/Tree Squirrel Bot Fly • Eggs are layed on habitat substrates rather than directly on host animal.

  17. Nose (Sheep) Bot Fly • Living maggots are deposited in the nostrils of sheep. • Harmful to sheep due to migration of larvae through the nasal passageways and sinuses. • The larvae remain in the sinuses for 8 to 10 months and then are sneezed out of the nostrils.

  18. Horse Bot Fly • Adult females deposit eggs on the horse's legs, shoulders, chin, throat and the lips. • Bot eggs enter the horse's mouth and develop into larvae. The larvae migrate and attach themselves to the mucus lining of the horse's stomach, remaining there during the winter. • After about 10 months, they detach themselves and are passed in the feces. The larvae burrow into the ground and mature into adult flies.

  19. Symbiosis – Torsalo • Botfly • The Bot Fly - Insects, Bugs, Flies • http://entomology.unl.edu/ent108/BOTW/BOTW3_rabbit_botfly.html • Screwworm flies as agents of wound myiasis • The Associated Microflora to the Larvae of Human Bot Fly Dermatobia hominis L. Jr. (Diptera: Cuterebridae) and its Furuncular Lesions in Cattle • Bot Flies Are Our Friends – About • Human Botfly, Bot Fly, Botflies, Torsalo, Dermatobia hominis • biology, economic effects and early efforts to eradicate hypoderma • TABLE OF CONTENTS References

  20. Close interactions between two or more different species Clown Fish and Sea Anemone Symbiosis African Crocodile and Blackbird Plover Bees and Flowers

  21. Mutualism • Both species benefit from the interaction Symbiotic Relationships

  22. Parasitism • One species benefits and the other species is harmed • Parasite • Organism that lives on or within a host species Symbiotic Relationships Parasitic Wasp Tapeworm (Taenia solium) Deer Tick (Ixodes scapularis)

  23. Amensalism • One species is harmed and the other species is neither harmed nor benefits from the relationship. • Antibiosis and Competition • Bread Mold Penicillium • Overgrowth of algae Symbiotic Relationships

  24. Commensalism • One species benefits and the other species does not gain or lose anything Symbiotic Relationships Cattle and Egrets Barnacles and Whales

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