Social Studies Chapter 5 Section One

1. Social Studies Chapter 5 Section One Culture

2. Aspects of Culture • Approximately 200 countries in the world • Hundreds of different languages • Dress in different ways • Eat different foods

3. All Societies Share Basic Institutions • Government • Educational System • Economic System • Religious Institutions

4. Institutions Vary from Society to Society Culture is a learned system of shared beliefs and way of doing things that guides a person’s daily behavior

5. National Culture • Is shared with people of their own country • Yet, their beliefs are in other countries as well

6. Culture Region • When a culture dominates a particular area of a country and their culture traits • Dress • Food • Religious beliefs • West Africa is a cultural region • Southern area of the United States • Northern area of the United States

7. Some people may be multicultural • People can belong to more than one culture • Each person can choose which culture they want to emphasize • President Obama • ½ White and ½ Black • The president chooses to emphasize his black heritage

8. Race and Ethnic Groups • Cultural groups learn their practices and beliefs from their ancestors they share: • Religion • History • Language • Holiday traditions • Special foods

9. Multicultural or Multiethnic • People from different culture lives in the same country • Many countries in the world are multicultural • Houston in the United States • Toronto in Canada • Belgium in Europe

10. Peace or Conflict? • Different ethnic groups can come together and live peacefully to form a united country • Others, such as Quebec, Canada, choose not to unite the French and Canadian cultures and in many areas they are in conflict with one another

11. Wars • Many wars are fought because of ethnic disagreements all over the world

12. Ethnic Groups • Ethnic groups can be spread out in 2 or more countries, they are not in just one spot in the world

13. Germans • Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia • Kurds (have no country) • Syria, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey

14. Race • Race is based on inherited physical or biological traits • Race and ethnic groups are not the same • Hispanic ethnic group in USA • Looks different from other Hispanics in different parts of the world • Yet, they share a Spanish or Latin Heritage

15. Each culture defines “race” in its own way paying attention to: • Biological characteristics • Ethnic characteristics • Rwanda, a country in East Africa • Two groups, Hutu and Tutsi are in a civil war, both are East African, but they consider each other differently

16. Cultural Change • Diffusion: The spread of a cultures ways or beliefs to another culture • Moving from one place to another • English Language • England helped settle the 13 colonies, bringing the English language to the area

17. Acculturation • Acculturation is when another culture or person is in long term contact with another they will: • Adopt the culture of the areas they live in • Farmer becomes a Muslim • Farmer refuses to raise pigs on his farm because Islam forbids eating pork

18. Cultural Differences • People learn symbols from their culture • A symbol is a sign that stands for something else • Word • Shape • Color • Flag

19. Symbols Have Different Meanings in Some Cultures • Visiting other countries we notice many differences • Language • Clothing • Celebrate different holidays • Salute a different flag

20. Symbols reflect the: • Artistic, literary, and religious expressions of a society or culture • Help people communicate with each other and form a cohesive group

21. Development of Culture • Culture is Shaped by History • Conquered by outsiders the citizens will adopt same language or religion • Cultures Shape History • The way a people react to historical events

22. Environment • Environment of a region can influence the development of culture • In Egypt the Nile River is central to people’s lives • Egyptians believe the gods brought floods to the area bringing the fertile soil • Mountain people of Tibet, Japan and the Andes believed “Mountain Spirits” were important to their lives

23. Culture Determines How People Use and Shape the Land • City plans are cultural • Spain and their colonies cities are built around a central plaza or square with a church and a courthouse • China’s cities are developed by the four compass points • French city streets grow out from a central core

24. Development of Culture • For most of human history people ate wild plants and animals • When the food ran out they migrated or moved to another place

25. Humans began to help their favorite plants to grow • Cleared land and put seeds in their refuse or trash and plants took root and grew • May have dug water holes to encourage wild cattle to come and drink • People began to cultivate the largest plants and breeding the tamest animals • Plants and animals became domesticated, they depended on people, they couldn’t survive without their help

26. Domestication Happened in Many Parts of the World • Peru: Llamas and potatoes were domesticated • Ancient Mexico and Central America domesticated corn, beans, squash, tomatoes, and hot peppers

27. Africans domesticated sorghum and a type of rice • Southwest Asia domesticated cattle, sheep, and goats • Central Asia domesticated wheat and rye • All of these plants and animals were not grown or lived in Europe until Columbus’ voyage to the Americas

28. Agriculture and Environment • Agriculture changed the landscape • Cut down forests to make room for growing plants • Built fences, dug irrigation canals, and terraced their land

29. Governments were created to manage the large projects and protect the area from outsiders • People grew enough food to last a year and they stopped migrating and built permanent settlements

30. Types of Agriculture • Subsistence Agriculture: farmers grow just enough food for their own families • Commercial Agriculture: Companies own the farms and grow enough food for everyone Sinaugaculture in Arizona Ancient food storage In Arica, Chile Ancient food storage, Chera

31. Agriculture and Civilization • The success of agriculture developed a surplus of food • Some people did not have to grow their own food because their was a surplus, they began to make pottery and trade for their food • More food brought more children and the population began to grow

32. More people began to involve themselves in trading and manufacturing • Traders and manufacturers began to settle in central market towns • Towns grew into cities with churches and priests • The priests would organize and carry out religious ceremonies • The large cities developed in a highly complex culture called a civilization