GENDER ANALYSIS Gender, Women and Politics

1. GENDER ANALYSISGender, Women and Politics The National Democratic Institute

2. Introductions/Ground rules • Introductions • Ground Rules • Ice Breaker Exercise

3. Gender Analysis Objectives • To develop a basic understanding of gender analysis and its benefits • To become familiar with gender analysis tools, approaches and data

4. Gender Analysis Topics • What is gender analysis? • Benefits of gender analysis • Key questions • Gender analysis steps • Analysis tools • Data sources • Yemen case study

5. Key Terms • Gender • Gender equality • Other terms? Photo: Caroline Hubbard, NDI

6. What is gender analysis? • Methodology for collecting and processing information about gender • Identify roles, needs, opportunities of women AND men • Requires information -- quantitative and qualitative

7. What is gender analysis? • Explores women’s and men’s different realities and expectations • Considers effects of interventions • Ensures benefits and resources are effectively and equitably targeted Image: Billy Alexander, rgbstock.com

8. gender analysis Benefits • Leads to effective policies and programs and the efficient use of resources • Equal access to resources and opportunities promotes economic development

9. EXAMPLE: IMMUNIZATION PROJECT IN INDIA • Immunizations available every Tuesday • No one came • What went wrong? Photo: Julie McCarthy, NPR

10. gender neutral policies? • May affect women and men differently because of differences between them • May reinforce existing inequalities

11. Women≠ Homogenous • Gender roles and behaviors vary across: • Cultures • Class • Ethnicity • Income • Education • Age • Gender attributes change over time Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI

12. gender analysis: When? • During all phases in program/policy cycle including: • Design • Implementation • Monitoring and evaluation • Most effective when initiated during design phase

13. gender analysis questions • Who does what within and outside of the household? • Who owns/controls/accesses what? • What are the institutional, economic and social factors? Photo: Lindsey Spinks

14. gender analysis questions • What capabilities, opportunities and powers do men and women have? • Did you review sex-disaggregated data? • Were women and men consulted? • Have the different needs, interests and responsibilities been considered? • What groups are most likely to be affected and how?

15. Development Steps • Assess current situation/policies and needs • Collect and analyze sex disaggregated data • Establish a baseline Image: World Bank

16. Development Steps • Assess current situation (continued) • Identify/address gaps • Hold consultations • Experts • Target groups Photo: NDI

17. Development Steps • Draft program/policy • Expected impact on women and men • Can negative impacts be overcome? • Implement • Monitor and evaluate • Identify benefits/negative impacts • Solicit feedback and be responsive

18. Exercise: Gender analysis tools • Gender Role Identification • Use: Program design and planning • Understand who does what

19. Example: Gender Role Identification

20. Gender analysis tools • Time Use Analysis • How time is spent based on gender • roles • Highlights women’s unpaid labor Photo: Alamy

21. Example: Gender analysis tools

22. Gender analysis tools • Access, Control and Decisions • Use: Program design, implementation • Understand decision-making and • resource controls

23. Gender analysis data • Regional or country MDG reports • UNDP Human Development reports • State Department Human Rights reports • World Bank reports • Donor and NGO reports

24. DATA ANALYSIS EXERCISE • Review data for country • Develop conclusions about status of women • Identify key differences between men and women

25. EXAMPLE: EDUCATION POLICY IN YEMEN • Enrollment rate for girls to that of boys • Basic education: 74.8% • Secondary education: 58.8% • University: 37.5% • Good legal framework • Needs of girls not addressed

26. EXAMPLE: EDUCATION POLICY • Key challenges: • 1) Institutional and structural challenges • 2) Lack of access to schools • 3) Poverty, social and cultural norms

27. EXAMPLE: EDUCATION POLICY • Options for increasing women teachers • Quotas • Incentives, especially in rural areas • Financial incentives for schools • Revisit university degree requirement Photo: Faisal Darem, Al-Shorfa

28. EXAMPLE: EDUCATION POLICY • Quotas for women teachers • Legislation does not provide for quotas • Policy to replace departing teachers with women • Would require close monitoring

29. GENDER ANALYSIS EXERCISE Lack of access to schools • Many children walk over an hour • Real safety risks for girls • 9% of girls left because of access issues

30. GENDER ANALYSIS EXERCISE • Ensure schools are located to maximize girls’ attendance • Expand residential schools Photo: Luay Basil, World Food Program

31. GENDER ANALYSIS REVIEW • Consider roles, needs and circumstances of women and men • Leads to better policies and programs • Conducted throughout program • Who does what? Who controls what? • Involve stakeholders in consultations • Take advantage of existing data