Technical Interoperability to enable Mass Market Developments

1. Technical Interoperability to enable Mass Market Developments Source: Hans van der Veer, ETSI Board Interoperability Evangelist

2. Introduction • ETSI identified Interoperability as a Strategic Topic • Increasing importance • Resolution needed • to enable mass market acceptance (e.g. through user confidence) by combating market fragmentation • How can ETSI contribute as an SDO? • Improvement proposals? • Not limited to ETSI technical standards development work • Started study together with the Dutch government • Approach presented during Board#50 • Support by several Board members • Initial results presented at GA#52

3. Aspects • What is Interoperability? • The increasing importance of interoperability • Can/are the problems be solved by the market place • Motives for Standards Bodies and Governments to promote Interoperability • The need for an Interoperability Framework to identify further actions by ETSI • Recommendations

4. What is Interoperability? • The concept of interoperability has different meanings • E,g., European Directives, EICTA, ETSI OCG-ECN&S, OMA, Plugtests • For our purposes we talk about Technical Interoperability • Conformity and Interoperability Testing • The activities by which implementations are tested against the standard and by which successful cooperation between different implementations of the same standard is tested in practice • Inter-Standard Interoperability • The ability to link two or more systems, networks or services which differ essentially in technical respects, so that they can successfully provide an electronic communications service or can exchange and process information

5. Interoperability is gaining in importance • Increasing diversity of systems • Many competing technologies, trend to ex-post standardisation, many involved standards bodies and forums • Increasing diversity of services • To be delivered over more networks • To be accessible at more locations • More and more different user devices • More applications on intelligent device platforms • Networks are increasingly being built from building blocks • Move from “Silo” approach to “Lasagna” approach • Convergence, bundling of services (e.g., triple play) • Explosion of applications together service bundling • The structural unpredictability of markets • Leading to competing e.g. standards, forums, consortia • All leading to a greater demand for Technical Interoperability

6. Application Layer Services Layer Substituting Technologies Session Control Layer Transport Layer (incl. Access and Core Network) Complementing Systems Greater Demand for Technical Interoperability An Interoperability problem? Most certainly yes: • Different administrative domains: • (access or core) Network providers, • Service providers • Many different technologies per layer specified by many different SDOs • Horizontal and Vertical interfaces (incl. QoS, security) • In need for efficient Network and Service management (OPEX reduction) Inter-Standard Interoperability Conformity and Interoperability Tests

7. Can’t the Market itself solve the Problem? • Implementation of multiple protocols in End-User devices • E.g., multi-standard mobile handsets, plug-ins for PDAs • Potentially high costs (e.g., support of different technologies, IPR) • Network related issues (e.g. numbering, QoS) are not addressed • The widespread implementation of IP • Approach is “Everything over IP and IP over Everything” • “Everything” still requires interoperability solutions (e.g. identity, info formats, semantics, QoS, single sign-on, security) • Will Operators or Service Providers solve the Interoperability problem themselves? • Solution costs are increasing • Sometimes too high for smaller parties especially when depending on interconnection to other parties’ networks and services • Greater complexity leads to greater pressure to take technologies into account early in the development process • Strong impetus to be actively involved in creating forms of interoperability

8. Initial Conclusion • There is a need for selective effort from, among others, standardization institutions, the EU and national governments in the area of technical interoperability, which market parties cannot themselves provide • Without this effort, the telecommunications sector will be faced with major problems in the medium term, certainly as far as user acceptance is concerned • Technical interoperability ought only to be available where there is substantial market demand • The absence of technical interoperability must not be the reason why final services for which there is great demand do not come into being.

9. Motives to Promote Interoperability • Standardization Bodies • Enhance attractiveness to their members (e.g. risk for early adopters decreases, specific expertise is built up) • Focus on functions that add a lot of value (e.g. Service control layer, middleware) • Play the role of Standards Integrator • Address Regulatory requirements (e.g., LI, emergency services with location information) • Achieve innovation and support introduction of new technologies • EU and National Governments • Central concept in New Regulatory Framework • Protect the public interest • Maximize value of telecom networks and services to end-users • Universal service, privacy, disability, regulatory requirements • Promote competition • Encourage innovation, lower barrier to enter the market • Technical neutrality

10. The need for an Interoperability Framework • To decide what the suitable activities for ETSI are • Forms of Technical Interoperability • Ex-post technical interoperability (Ad-Hoc or Systematic) • Interoperability tests: e.g., Plugtests • Inter-standard Interoperability: Gateway solutions (ad hoc or systematic) • Possible involvement of Standards bodies during design phase • Ex-ante technical interoperability (Systematic) • Conformance tests: PTCC • Interoperability with other systems, both at the same layer and at different layers • By Standards bodies • Slightly modified “Food Chain Model” can help to better relate the two concepts of technical interoperability to the various stages of the standards development process

11. Standards Making Test, Certification Needs Regulation Requirements Architecture+System Protocols Conformity & Interoperability Testing Marketing Need for Interoperability between different systems, technologies and applications Other Technologies and Applications at various layers Modified Food Chain Model* • Inter-Standards Interoperability • Integrator role: Ex-ante interoperability • Between and within the different layers (e.g. session control, transport, access and core networks, middleware) • E.g., Interoperability between services (e.g., eGovernment) • Addressed by many standards bodies • E.g. 3GPP releases, NGN releases • Good collaboration needed with related standards bodies and for a • Structured approach followed? • Conformity andInteroperabilityTesting • Single standard • Inter-standard • Ex-ante as well as ex-post • Emphasis to be more on ex- ante! * A. Urie: The Standardization Eco system, Understanding organization complexity”, Dec.2004

12. Identification of important interoperability areas • Where do SDOs need to spend more effort? Questions to be asked: • Where does the interoperability question play a role? • Should one aim for full interoperability or is it sufficient to create a common subset? • Towards what level or layer can the activities best be directed? • Is a unilateral effort sufficient or is there a need for intensive technical coordination with the sponsor of the other technology involved? • What other activities and initiatives in the area of interoperability have already been undertaken (e.g. LA, OMA, the Parlay Group)? • The question of what technical form is suitable also arises, including: • modifying or enlarging existing interfaces, or developing new interfaces • developing profiles • developing middleware and developing APIs

13. Proposed Recommendations • To develop activities in the area of Inter-Standard Interoperability of existing and future standards development work • To systematically integrate Interoperability activities into the development of standards • To further strengthen the Conformity and Interoperability Test activities