Vertebrates: Chordate Phylum and Classes

1. Vertebrates: Chordate Phylum and Classes 5th Grade

2. Which two large groups are animals divided into?

3. Vertebrates and Invertebrates

4. Did you know? • Vertebrates and Invertebrates are divided into smaller groups called “phyla.” • Singular = Phylum • Plural = Phyla

5. Phyla: groups of animals that are categorized together because they have similar body plans

6. Did you know? • All Vertebrates are in the phylum called “Chordates” • Why are all Vertebrates in the same Phylum?

7. All Vertebrates are in the same Phylum because… • Chordate or “Chordata” means “with a cord.” • Why would Vertebrates be under a category that means “with a cord?”

8. Chordate = “with a cord”

9. Chordates have 4 common characteristics at some point of their lives • 1) Notochord • 2) Dorsal Nerve Cord • 3) Pharyngeal (Gill) Slits • 4) Postanal Tail

10. Characteristics of Chordates • Chordates have a… • Notochord – a flexible, rod-shaped body that a chordate has when its an embryo; it is replaced by a backbone as the animal grows • Dorsal Nerve Cord– a single tracts of nervous tissue that develops into the spinal cord and brain in vertebrates • Pharyngeal (Gill) Slits - in their throat area at some point in their lives • Postanal Tail – an extension of the notochord that extends out past the anus or “tail”

11. 4 Characteristics of Chordates

12. Notice the Notochord, Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, Postanal Tail

13. If humans are Chordates, when do humans have all of these characteristics in their lives?

14. The Human Embryo!

15. Chordate Characteristics

16. Endoskeleton • All Vertebrates have Endoskeletons • Endoskeleton is composed of a backbone, skull, and ribs • Skull: protects the brain • Ribs: protect the lungs, heart, and organs

17. Endoskeleton: How are Endoskeletons different from Exoskeletons? Endoskeleton: *an internal frame that supports the body against the downward pull of gravity *allows the animal to move easily *does not need to be replaced as an animal grows

18. Vertebrates can be either Ectotherms or Endotherms • Ectotherm(cold-blooded): an animal whose body does not produce much internal heat and its body temperature changes depending on the temperature of its environment • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles

19. Endotherms(warm-blooded): an animal whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces • Its body temperature will be the same in both cold and warm weather. • Birds • Mammals

20. Remember that ALL Vertebrates are in the Chordate Phylum, but Vertebrates still come in all shapes and sizes.

21. Now that we know the 4 characteristics that make members in the Chordate Phylum the same, how do we group Chordates into smaller groups?

22. We can divide Vertebrates into 5 smaller classes. • Now lets look at how animals in the Chordate phylum are different. • What do you think the 5 classesof Vertebrates are?

23. Vertebrates are divided into 5 different classes: • 1) Fish • 2) Amphibians • 3) Reptiles • 4) Birds • 5) Mammals

24. Fish = a class in the Chordate Phylum • The most diverse vertebrate group • Vertebrates that live in water their whole lives • Most have gills to take oxygen directly from water • Usually covered in scales

25. Amphibians = a class in the Chordate phylum • Vertebrates that are adapted to living part of their lives in water and part of their lives on land • Have moist skin and four legs

26. Reptiles – a class in the Chordate Phylum • Vertebrates that have dry, thick skin covered with scales • Breathe with lungs • Reproduce on land

27. Birds – a class in the Chordate Phylum • The only vertebrates that have feathers and wings • Have hollow bones and air sacsthat help them fly

28. Mammals – a class in the Chordate Phylum • Vertebrates whose young drink milk from their mothers’ bodies • Have fur