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Settling the Northern Colonies

Settling the Northern Colonies. New England & Middle Colonies Ch. 3, APUSH. New England. Massachusetts – 2 groups settle, dominated by religion, birthplace of democracy in America Plymouth Bay Colony – 1620, Pilgrims known as “separatists” on the Mayflower

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Settling the Northern Colonies

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  1. Settling the Northern Colonies New England & Middle Colonies Ch. 3, APUSH

  2. New England • Massachusetts – 2 groups settle, dominated by religion, birthplace of democracy in America • Plymouth Bay Colony – 1620, Pilgrims known as “separatists” on the Mayflower • William Bradford chosen governor. • Mayflower Compact –Captain Myles Standish, agreement to form crude government at majority’s will (no charter to be there) • Poor community • Wampanoags, Chief Massasoit – 1stThanksgiving, later tensions erupt into Pequot War (almost destroyed tribe)

  3. MA con’t… 2. Massachusetts Bay Company, 1629: “Non-separatists” secured charter (settle @ Boston) a. Puritan haven – prosperous, educated families b. John Winthrop – 1st governor, “City on a Hill” c. Religion – Calvinism - God all knowing & powerful. - Elect- predestined to heaven “Visible Saints” d. self-governed colony

  4. Puritans & The Congregational Church • Only “visible saints” admitted to church membership • Puritan Ethic: wealth and success were signs of electand idleness a sin: work ethic helped them succeed earlier than other colonies. • Un-churched men, and all women had no vote. • Taxes supported Church • Quakers: first challenged church authority, were fined, flogged and banished.

  5. 2 Dissenters of the Church 1. Anne Hutchinson: a. Claimed a holy life was not sure sign of salvation. Attacked Church leaders as non- elect. b. The “saved” didn’t need to follow laws of man or God (antinomianism) c. raised questions about women’s roles d. banished from colony – flees to Rhode Island

  6. 2 Dissenters of the Church 2. Roger Williams: a. Challenged legality of Bay Colonies charter: not compensating the Indians. b. Called for a separation of Church & State c. Banished in 1635: Fled & created Rhode Island made up of banished and exiled… “Rogue’s Island” d. Established Baptist Church e. granted complete religious freedom in R.I., even to Jews! R.I. - The most free, individualistic & independent minded colony!

  7. The Rest of New England… • Connecticut, 1638: Thomas Hooker, defied MA government • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: a modern constitution that was democratically controlled by the “substantial” citizens • Puritans that wanted more Church & State…? • Maine: purchased form Mass. Bay Colony in 1677 • New Hampshire: royal colony 1679, not much population until dissent from Williams & Hutchingson led people to move away from MA • BOTH Maine & NH arose from fishing/trading posts

  8. King Philip’s War, 1675 A. Pan-Indian alliance to halt encroachment of colonists B. Destroyed 12 Puritan towns C. Indians completely devastated by the war D. Slowed westward movement for several decades. “King Philip” or Metacom, Massasoit’s son

  9. Seeds of Independence 1.New England Confederation, 1643 a. Purpose to defend against Indians, French, Dutch. b. organized and led by colonists 2. Dominion of New England, 1686 a. Led by Sir Edmond Andros (England): curbed town meetings, restricted courts, press, schools, revoked land titles. b. Ended by the Glorious Revolution in England. c. Ushered in a period of “salutary neglect” d. Created by royal authority to improve efficiency of Navigation Laws

  10. MIDDLE COLONIESNew York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware • Fertile Land • Grain production “bread colonies“ • Population more ethnically mixed • More tolerant • Medium sized land holdings • Slow, flowing rivers

  11. Middle Colonies • New York: began as Dutch Colony in 1623 (New Netherland) by Dutch W. India Co. for trading -1664: English forced Dutch to surrender, renamed after Duke of York - aristocratic

  12. 2. Pennsylvania, 1681: Formed by William Penn as Quaker refuge for his “Society of Friends” - Freedom of worship, but Jews & Catholics couldn’t hold office. - Paid Indians for Land 

  13. 3. Delaware – founded by Quakers who had challenged Penn’s “absolute proprietary power” • Charter of Liberties, 1701 – granted them an assembly 4. New Jersey – 1702, royal colony established after Duke of York (James II) takes over New Netherlands

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