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North Africa and Southwest Asia

North Africa and Southwest Asia. Physical Geography. Physical Geography. Plate Tectonics Clashing Plates Arabian Plate into Eurasian Plate Separating Plates Arabian Plate pulling apart from African Plate Red Sea. Physical Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia. Deserts

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North Africa and Southwest Asia

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  1. North Africa and Southwest Asia Physical Geography

  2. Physical Geography • Plate Tectonics • Clashing Plates • Arabian Plate into Eurasian Plate • Separating Plates • Arabian Plate pulling apart from African Plate • Red Sea

  3. Physical Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia • Deserts • The Sahara Desert - • The Saudi Arabian Desert • The Libyan Desert • Negev Desert

  4. Desert Bedouins

  5. Rub al-Khali:“The Empty Quarter”

  6. Desert Oases: Water at a Premium!

  7. Fresh Groundwater Sources

  8. DesalinizationPlants

  9. Physical Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia: Mountains • Mountains • Atlas Mountains • ThorusMts (Turkey) • Elburz & Zagros Mts. (Iran) • Golan Heights (Israel)

  10. Mountain Ranges in Mid-East Elburz Mts., Iran Zagros Mts., Iran Lebanese Mts. Taurus Mts., Turkey

  11. Physical Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia: Water • Rivers & Sea • The Nile River • The Tigris & Euphrates Rivers • The Jordan River • The Red Sea • Gulfs - • Persian Gulf, • Gulf of Suez, • Gulf of Aqaba • Lakes • Dead Sea • Sea of Galilee

  12. River Systems There are two great river systems: 1. Tigris-Euphrates Rivers (Iraq) - Flow south from the mountains of Turkey - Both rivers join south of Baghdad and flow into the Persian Gulf - For 1000’s of years, people have lived here because of the rivers irrigating the land 2. Nile River (Egypt) - Longest river in Africa and the world - Begins in the highlands of East Africa (flows 4000 miles north to the Mediterranean Sea) - The river brings rich soil and water to the Nile Valley Without the Nile, few people could live in Egypt (“the gift of the Nile”) 96% of Egypt is desert.

  13. The Mighty Nile River:“Longest River in the World”

  14. Egypt: The “Gift of the Nile” Nile Delta Annual Nile Flooding 95% of the Egyptian people live on 5% of the land!

  15. Aswan High Dam, Egypt HydroelectricPower Plant

  16. Suez Canal Completed by the British in 1869

  17. The Tigris & EuphratesRiver System Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the Two Rivers” Marsh Arabs, So. Iraq

  18. Wadis – Instant Springs

  19. Qanats • Underground tunnels built by specialists. • The gently slopping tunnels use gravity to transport water from it’s source, usually at base of mountains. • Qanat tunnels can measure 20 to 30 miles • Originally used in the first century by the Persians in present day Iran. • Qanat tunnels were hand-dug, just large enough to fit the person doing the digging. • Many qanats are still in use stretching from China on the east to Morocco on the west, and even to the Americas

  20. Fertile Crescent

  21. The Fertile Crescent

  22. Physical Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia • Climates • Desert Climates with less than 10” of rain • under high pressure latitude belt and NE trade winds • med. zones on Northern Africa coast & eastern coasts of Mediterrean

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