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Review of the Hydrosphere

Review of the Hydrosphere. Dr. George A. Maul Link Building – Room 106 gmaul@fit.edu. Hydrosphere Overview. Water – a most remarkable molecule Water and the Geosphere Hydrologic Cycle The Cryosphere The Ocean Transition to the Atmosphere. Hydrogen hydroxide.

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Review of the Hydrosphere

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  1. Review of the Hydrosphere Dr. George A. Maul Link Building – Room 106 gmaul@fit.edu

  2. Hydrosphere Overview • Water – a most remarkable molecule • Water and the Geosphere • Hydrologic Cycle • The Cryosphere • The Ocean • Transition to the Atmosphere

  3. Hydrogen hydroxide Is H2O the same as H·OH? Latent heat; surface tension; specific heat; ice floats!

  4. Water and the Geosphere How many landforms can you identify?

  5. Water in the Earth System If the ocean is 1350x106 km3, can you calculate the volume of frozen fresh water?

  6. Hydrologic Cycle

  7. The Cryosphere https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=jjwpOWeRZus

  8. Sea Ice TrendsNote: Antarctic total ice mass is decreasing October 2012 September 2012

  9. Feedback Loops

  10. The OceanThermohaline and Wind-driven Circulation Warm and cool surface currents Global conveyor belt

  11. Forces affecting seawater • Acceleration = • Pressure gradient force + • Coriolis force + • Gravity + • Friction Newton’s 2nd Law: Force per unit mass equals acceleration.

  12. Balances hydrostatic geostrophic Ekman waves Other balances we didn’t study, include Gulf Stream meanders, eddies, inertial flow, water spouts, cross-isobar flow…

  13. Ocean Currents Are Nearly Geostrophic:Coriolis balances Pressure Gradient Force Example: let ø=27°N, ρ=1025 kg·m3, Δh=1 m, Δx=100 km; what is the geostrophic velocity? Units? Direction =

  14. Global SST and Equatorial Upwelling Hydrosphere / Biosphere Interaction

  15. Waves on the Beach What did Hurricane Sandy do to Melbourne Beach?

  16. Beach Sand Change at Melbourne Beach lost sand Photos by Mike Mcgarry, DNR 10-29-2012 Differential Leveling Survey of Beach Sand

  17. Wave Hazards rogue wave rip current tsunami storm surge

  18. Time and tide wait for no man. St. Marher, 1225 Gravitational Tides tide gauge

  19. Earth-Moon-Sun System

  20. Ocean Economy • 14% of USA counties adjacent to ocean account for 45% of GDP and 1 in 50 jobs. • Six sectors contributed $282 billion of USA GDP and 2.8 million jobs. • Tourism and recreation account for 70% of total employment; offshore minerals 37% of ocean economy GDP.

  21. Transition to the Atmosphere

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