SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY TO MARGINALIZED AND VULNERABLE GROUPS

1. SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY TO MARGINALIZED AND VULNERABLE GROUPS Presented to the 4th Women Congress of Rural Women-Durban 23-25th April 2007 Dr. Roland Msiska UNDP Regional Service Centre, Johannesburg

2. Introduction • What should be the starting point for provision of sustainable solutions for basic service delivery to marginalized and vulnerable groups? • What are the drivers for sustainable solutions for basic delivery to marginalized and vulnerable groups in rural areas? • How can we ensure sustainability of basic services to vulnerable and marginalized groups?

3. What should be the starting point for provision of sustainable solutions for basic service delivery to marginalized and vulnerable groups in rural areas?

4. Begins with Leadership that has the political will and mindset to transform its nation, in practical terms this means e.g. • Facilitates the development and implementation of Economic frameworks and development strategies that “do no harm” but are rather structured to empower every individual, especially those who are marginalized and vulnerable to participate and benefit. • Attracts foreign direct investments in such way that citizens rights are not jeopardized, especially the vulnerable and marginalized groups. • Develop cost recovery mechanisms for services that do not disadvantage rural consumers (Water provision infrastructure).

5. Leadership that recognizes and acts on the understanding that the provision of Basic services is a Fundamental Human right • This will require: • Increase in budgetary allocations to basic services. • Public-private partnership to ensure outreach “to all” without government absconding its fundamental mandate to its citizenry. • Ensure that basic services are not commoditized or sold for profit in a way that makes it difficult for the vulnerable and marginalized groups to have access to those services, especially those in rural areas.

6. Leadership that understands how Public and private services providers can empower vulnerable and marginalized groups through the: • Provision of Basic services (water, sanitation, health, and education) taking into account the rural women dimensions (social costs, economic costs, distance) • Ensuring access to productive resources and extension services taking into account the impact of the socially constructed roles of females and males in rural areas. • Facilitating Investment in and rural social development process (through social mobilization) that will enable vulnerable and marginalized groups to better organize, pool resources and address both socio-economic and strategic concerns as relates provision of basic services.

7. What are the drivers for sustainable solutions for basic delivery to marginalized and vulnerable groups in rural areas?

8. POLICY FRAMEWORK REGULATORY FRAMEWORK LEADERSHIP THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT(Enabling and Inhibiting factors) OUTCOME OUTPUT INPUT CONVERSION ACHIEVING: NEEDS MET FOR VULNERABLE & MAGINALIZED GROUPS HUMAN CAPABILITY BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY PROCESSES STRATEGY and MISSION CULTURE FINANCIAL RESOURCES I NFRA-STRUCTURE THE ENTITY LEVEL ACCOUNTA-BILITY OWNERSHIP ICT as ENABLER ACCOUNTABILITY FEEDBACK LOOP

9. How can we ensure sustainability of basic services to the vulnerable and marginalized groups in rural areas?

10. Providers The State Citizens Services Relationships Of Accountability For Sustainable Basic Service Delivery Politicians Policy makers Compact Voice Long route of Accountability Short Route Citizen Power Facilitated by Leaders Management Coalitions/Inclusions Public Private Non poor Poor Source: Adapted from World Development Report 2004 Making Services Work for the Poor

11. In conclusion A Leadership that recognizes and acts on • Basic services as a fundamental human right and as such all economic and social development strategies are designed to do no harm especially to the vulnerable and marginalized groups taking into account gender, rural-urban differentials. • Understand the role of the public and private sector in increasing or decreasing vulnerability and marginalization of certain groups in society which in turn influence access to basic services. • Facilitates the accountability of services (both private and public) providers to citizens.

12. References • World Development Report (1994) Making Services Work for the Poor Authored by A team led by Shanta Deveragan and Ritva Reinikka • UNDP (2003) Readings in Human Development Edited by Sakiko Fukuda-Parr and A.K Shiva Kumar • Oxford University Press (2001) Challenging Inequities in Health From Ethics to Actions Edited by Timothy Evans et al • Human Development Report (2006) Beyond Scarcity: Power, poverty and the global crisis. • UNDP (2006) SACI Methodology: Capacity Transformation for Effective Service Delivery. • John Mc Murthy (1998) Unequal Freedoms—The Global Market as an Ethical System. • Unicef study (1994) edited by Giovannia Andrea Cornia and Gerald K. Helleiner—From Adjustment to Development in Africa –Conflict, Convergence, Consesus? • Cornell University (1999) Developmental State edited by Meredith Woo-Cummings • Princeton University (1995) Peter Evans—Embedded Autonomy-State & Industrial Transformation • Dean Anderson and Linda Ackerman Anderson (2001) Beyond Change Management—Advanced Strategies for Today’s Transformational Leadership • Oxford (2004) Inequality, Growth and Poverty in an Era of Liberlization and Globalization Edited Giovanni Andrea Cornia, UNU-WIDER Studies in Development Economics • Beacon Press Boston (1944, 1957, 2001) Karl Polanyi- The Great Transformation-The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time