Lacey Act of 1900

1. Lacey Act of 1900 prohibits transporting live/dead wild animals or their parts across state borders w/out federal permit

2. Lacey Act of 1900 • Implementation: civil/criminal penalties for violations Pros: • one of the broadest and most comprehensive forces in the federal arsenal to combat wildlife crime • Makes falsification of documents for wildlife trade illegal Cons: • Hard to regulate (spottier than a leopard) • Original act only applied to birds/wild game

3. National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act • Authorizes Secretary of commerce to designate as National Marine Sanctuaries those areas of the marine environment that are deemed of national significance

4. National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act • Implementation: Secretary conducts research to determine which areas are sanctuary-worthy • Pros: • gives priority to areas with important conservation, recreation, ecological esthetic values • Increases public awareness through educational programs • Cons: • Controversy in deciding which areas are nationall significant • no limit to amount of sanctuaries that can be designated

5. Anadromous Fish Act of 1965 • provided funding for restoration, enhancement, and management of anadromous fish • address the growing concerns over salmon and herring populations throughout the country

6. Anadromous Fish Act of 1965 • Implementation:provided funds primarily to the U.S., with federal oversight, to culture and stock fish in an effort to rebuild depleted stocks of marine and anadromous fish • Pros: • Requires that an individual or gov’t agency provide prior notice to obtain permit approval from OHMP to construct a hydraulic project or use, divert, obstruct, pollute, or change the natual flow of a specified anadromous water body • Cons: • Permit application time may be lengthy

7. Marine Mammal Protection Act • This act was put into effect because certain species of marine mammals are in danger of extinction as a result of human growth and expansion • These species of marine mammals should not be permitted to diminish beyond the point at which they cease to be a significant functioning element in the ecosystem of which they are a part. • Further measures should be immediately taken to replenish any species or population stock which has already diminished below that population. • Efforts should be made to protect essential habitats, including the rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar significance for each species of marine mammal from the adverse effect of man's actions.

8. Marine Mammal Protection Act • Secretary is permitted to enforce such laws and is allowed to use federal agencies in doing so. • Judges may issue warrants to those who are believed to be violating the act • Illegal cargo may be seized, violators may be arrested. • Cargo that is seized shall be held by the courts and the violators will face a court hearing and are subject to fines and possibility of imprisonment based upon the severity of the crime.

9. Pittman Robertson Act • Also known as, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration act and approved by Congress on September 2, 1937, and begin functioning July 1, 1938 • It provides funding for the selection, restoration, rehabilitation and improvements of wildlife habitat, wildlife management research • This Act was amended October 23, 1970, to include funding for hunter training programs and the development, operation and maintenance of public target ranges. • It is initiated by hunters and conservationists.

10. Pittman Robertson Act cont. • It puts an excise tax of 11% on all sporting arms, ammunition, and archery equipment that is paid by hunters. • The law has been amended twice in 1970 10% tax was added onto hand guns. 2 years later 11% tax was added to archery equipment. • The tax pays for research and habitat work that benefits hundreds of species of wildlife. • It provides aid to Puerto Rico, Guam, America Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands and the Virgin Islands for wildlife-restoration projects.

11. National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act By: Nicole P and Ashley S.

12. National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act • National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 • Ensures that the National Wildlife Refuge System is managed as a national system of related lands, waters, and interests for the protection and conservation of our Nation's wildlife resources • Provides guidelines and directives for administration and management of all areas in the system, including wildlife refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, or waterfowl production areas

13. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species [CITES] – 1975 • An agreement signed between 145 countries to ensure that international trade of wildlife animals and plants do not threaten their survival • Trade includes live animals and plants, also includes products derived from them (food, leather, instruments) • Lists 700 endangered or threatened species that • cannot be commercially traded as live specimens • or wildlife products

14. CITES • CITES require that all import, export, re-export and • introduction from the sea of species listed by the • Convention has to be authorized through a licensing • system. • CONS: • Low enforcement • Convicted violators often pay • only small fines • Countries that signed CITES • can exempt themselves from • protecting any listed species • PROS: • Protect 700 endangered • or threatened species CITES Secretariat (2004). CITES. Retrieved on May 02, 2004, from CITES website: http://www.cites.org/index.html. Miller, Tyler Jr. (2001). Environmental Science Eight Edition: Brook/Coles Publisher.

15. Migratory Bird Conservation Act • This Act establishes a Migratory Bird Conservation Commission to approve areas of land or water recommended by the Secretary of the Interior for acquisition as reservations for migratory birds. Consultation with state and local government is required prior to acquisition. • The official responsible for the administration of a state's game laws, or his representative, shall be an ex officio member of the commission for the purpose of considering and voting on questions relating to the acquisition of areas in that state. • The Migratory Bird Conservation Fund is established to acquire lands for conservation, to maintain acquired lands for habitat preservation, and for any expenses necessary for the administration development, and maintenance of such areas including construction of dams, dikes, ditches, spillways, and flumes for improving habitat, and mitigating pollution threats to waterfowl and migratory birds.