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Vertebrates!

Vertebrates!. Fish & Amphibians!. Created by: Andrew Alyssa Robin. Chordates. All Chordates have: A notochord a hollow dorsal nerve cord Pharyngeal Slits Post-Anal Tail. Chordata. Unlike echinoderms, the class Agnatha : Hagfish and other chordate have bilateral body symmetry.

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Vertebrates!

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  1. Vertebrates! Fish & Amphibians! Created by: Andrew Alyssa Robin

  2. Chordates • All Chordates have: • A notochord • a hollow dorsal nerve cord • Pharyngeal Slits • Post-Anal Tail

  3. Chordata • Unlike echinoderms, the class Agnatha: • Hagfish and other chordate have bilateral body symmetry. • Skeletons are NOT made of calcite, but cartilage. • They have evolved from craniates

  4. This is a hagfish. Be scared.

  5. Word of the Day • Paedogenesis- the act of reproduction by an organism that has not achieved physical maturity. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paedogenesis

  6. Chondrichthyes: Bony Fishes! • Jawed fishies obtained jaws when the two skeletal supporting rods in their gills modified to open and close their mouth • This eventually strengthened to form jaws to capture food.

  7. Sharks V. Bony Fish • Bony Fish: • Their skeleton is of bone, go figure. • Their upper jaw is attacthed to their skull. • It gets better, they sometimes have this 2nd set of jaws called a pharyngeal. Don’t ask me. • Sharks: • Shark’s skeletons are formed from cartilage, like your ear! • Shark’s have an upper jaw which is NOT attached to their skull.

  8. Chondrichthyes: Sharkies!

  9. Chondrichthyes: Sharkies! • To adapt to sea life, a shark has: • Gills • To extract the 02 from the H20 • Fins • dorsal, caudal, anal, pelvic, and pectoral. The latter two of which are paired. • Tail • Provides forward thrust, whereas fins direct water flow.

  10. Buoyancy • Sharks use a large liver filled with oil to stay buoyant. • Sharks skeletal system is made of cartilage which is half as dense as bone. • Whereas, bone fish use gas-filled bladders as their buoyancy system.

  11. Lateral Line System • Primary purpose of the LLS • Detection of vibrations cause by other organisms’ movement. • Can be use by ie., a shark to detect a wounded fish.

  12. Shark’s Skin! • Layers of Flexible collagenous fibers called dermal denticles. • Acts like an outer skeleton • Reduces drag from water • Bony Fishes use bony scales for skin • Layered with mucus to protect from infections and reduce drag.

  13. Amphibian(s)

  14. Amphibia • The Bare Facts of Amphibia: • THREE-Chamber heart • Cold Blooded • Derive Heat From Sunlight • Produce Larvae

  15. Amphibia v. Land • To deal with the enviroment of land, amphibians developed: • Legs: Not only for swimming, but support them on land. • Gills replaced with lungs • Skin excretes mucus to stay moist.

  16. Breeding • For amphibians to breed, they must return to water • For those who don’t they need at least need a moist environment • This is because the egg is jelly-like, without moisture the egg will dry out.

  17. Amniote Examples

  18. Vertebrata • ALL VERTEBRATE HAVE: • A stiff rod running through the length of the animal with a hollow tube of nervous tissue above it and the gastrointestinal tract below. • Tetrapods were essentially the first land bound creatures, developing four (tetra) legs (pods).

  19. More Evolution etc. • Amniotic eggs are the next step in evolution, where eggs good be laid on land (ie., turtles) • The Amniotes are the organisms that breed amniotic eggs. • In Humans, the amniotic sac is layers of a amniotic membrane • The earliest amniotes were lizard like creatures who laid their brood on land and returned to the sea.

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