1 / 39

Notes – Changes in States of Matter

Notes – Changes in States of Matter. Chapter 6, Lesson 2. Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat. Changes in energy can cause matter to change from one state to another. A state change happens because of the change in motion of particles in an object. Matter Changing State.

baba
Download Presentation

Notes – Changes in States of Matter

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Notes – Changes in States of Matter Chapter 6, Lesson 2

  2. Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat • Changes in energy can cause matter to change from one state to another. • A state change happens because of the change in motion of particles in an object. Matter Changing State

  3. Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat • Even when an object is not moving, the particles in the object are moving. • The particles have kinetic energy, which is energy of moving things. The gas particles inside the balloon have energy because they are moving.

  4. Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat

  5. lower temperature higher temperature Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat • Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material. • Particles in matter move faster as the temperature increases.

  6. Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat • A thermometer is used to measure temperature. • Particles in the thermometer’s gauge increase their speed when heated and start moving farther apart, causing the liquid in the thermometer to rise.

  7. Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat • Particles in a substance have potential energy. • Potential energy decreases as particles move closer together. • Potential energy increases as particles move farther apart.

  8. Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat

  9. Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat • The total energy of the particles of a substance is its thermal energy. • Includes kinetic energy and potential energy of a substance’s particles • A substance’s liquid state has more thermal energy than its solid state • A substance’s gas state has more thermal energy than its liquid or solid state.

  10. Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat • Heating adds thermal energy. • Cooling removes thermal energy.

  11. Temperature, Thermal Energy, & Heat • When kinetic energy increases, the temperature of a substance increases. • When potential energy increases, the substance changes state.

  12. Melting • solid → liquid • Thermal energy is absorbed. • Potential energy increases. • Melting point is the temperature at which a material changes from solid to liquid.

  13. Melting • Thermal energy is added to a solid, & the temperature increases until the melting point is reached. • The substance will not increase temperature until it has completely melted.

  14. Melting • The average kinetic energy does not change, only the potential energy changes. • The attractive forces become weaker as particles increase speed and move farther apart.

  15. Melting

  16. Freezing • liquid → solid • Thermal energy is released. • Potential energy decreases. • Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid.

  17. Freezing

  18. Vaporization • liquid → gas • Thermal energy is absorbed. • Particles become too spread out and the attractive forces are too weak to keep the particles close together. • Vaporization can occur both at the surface and inside the liquid.

  19. Vaporization: Boiling • Vaporization that occurs inside the liquid. • Boiling point refers to the temperature that boiling occurs in a substance.

  20. Vaporization: Boiling

  21. Vaporization: Boiling • The boiling point depends on the pressure exerted on the liquid. • Bubbles in the liquid must form for boiling to occur. • As air pressure increases, it becomes harder for the bubbles to form. • The boiling point increases as air pressure increases.

  22. Vaporization: Evaporation • Evaporation is vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid. • Evaporation occurs both at the boiling point and temperatures below the boiling point.

  23. Vaporization: Evaporation • The liquid gains thermal energy, and molecules on the surface gradually escape into the atmosphere • (i.e.) water cycle, a puddle after rain, sweating to cool you down

  24. Condensation • gas → liquid • Thermal energy is released. • The gas particles slow down and move closer together until the attractive forces hold them together and a liquid forms.

  25. Condensation

  26. Sublimation • solid → gas • Thermal energy is absorbed. • Bypasses liquid state completely. • Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) changes from a solid to a gas.

  27. Deposition • gas → solid • Thermal energy is released. • Bypasses liquid state completely. • Water vapor changes directly to ice as frost on leaves.

  28. Adding Thermal Energy • The temperature of ice increases until the melting point is reached. • The temperature stays constant as the ice melts.

  29. Adding Thermal Energy • After the ice has melted, the temperature increases until the boiling point is reached. • The temperature stops increasing until all the water has changed to water vapor.

  30. Adding Thermal Energy • Adding more thermal energy causes the temperature of the water vapor to increase.

  31. Removing Thermal Energy • Water vapor changes back into ice by removing thermal energy.

  32. Changes in Energy Among States of Matter

  33. 6.2 Changes in States of Matter 1. The point at which a liquid changes to a gas is called ____. A melting point B freezing point C condensation point D boiling point

  34. 6.2 Changes in States of Matter 2. A liquid can change to a gas through ____. A evaporation B freezing C melting D sublimation

  35. 6.2 Changes in States of Matter 3. Thermal energy must be ____ when a liquid changes to a ____. A lost; gas B gained; solid C lost; solid D increased; solid

  36. 4. Sublimation occurs when a solid changes into a ____. A liquid B gas C plasma D steam

  37. 5. As air pressure ____, the ____ of a liquid increases. A decreases; boiling point B decreases; freezing point C increases; freezing point D increases; boiling point

  38. SCI 3.e 6. Adding thermal energy can ____ or ____. A lower temperature; change the state of matter B increase temperature; lower temperature C increase temperature; change the state of matter D remove kinetic energy; change the state of matter

  39. SCI 3.e 7. One glass of water has a temperature of 30°C and another glass of water a temperature of 40°C. Which is true? AThe glass of water at 30°C has lower average kinetic energy. BThe glass of water at 40°C has lower average kinetic energy. CThe two glasses have equal average kinetic energy. D none of the above

More Related