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THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 133 – 31 BCE

THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 133 – 31 BCE. WHAT FACTORS LED TO THE DISINTIGRATION OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC AND HOW DID SOME PEOPLE WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT ATTEMPT TO SOLVE THE REPUBLICS PROBLEMS?. POLITICAL & SOCIAL PROBLEMS.

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THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 133 – 31 BCE

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  1. THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 133 – 31 BCE WHAT FACTORS LED TO THE DISINTIGRATION OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC AND HOW DID SOME PEOPLE WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT ATTEMPT TO SOLVE THE REPUBLICS PROBLEMS?

  2. POLITICAL & SOCIAL PROBLEMS • SENATE INCREASED POWER & INFLUENCE DURING 2ND & 1ST C. BCE • NOBILES – OLIGARCHY • LANDED WEALTH, PATRONAGE & INTIMIDATION • OPTIMATES “BEST MEN” – SENATE • POPULARES “FAVOR THE PEOPLE” TRIBES • APPROACH TO POLITICS B/W THESE DIFFERED • EQUESTRIANS – BANNED FROM GOV’T & NOW WANT IN(218BCE)

  3. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS – LAND OR LACK THEREOF • ORIGINALLY BACKBONE OF ARMY & STATE SMALL FARMERS • ECO CHANGES DURING PUNIC WARS • LAND DAMAGED, SERVICE INCREASED TO 6 YEARS, FARMS DETERIORATED • SOLD OUT & WENT TO CITY • WEALTHY CREATED ‘LATIFUNDIA’ – SLAVE LABOR & CASH CROPS – NO COMPETITION • 100’S OF DAY LABORERS IN CITY & W/O WORK, TROUBLE

  4. REFORMS FROM THE NOBILES • TIBERIUS GRACCHUS 163-133 BC • DECLINE IN SMALL FARMERS REAL PROBLEM – NO SOLDIERS • LAND REFORM BILL – TAKE PUBLIC LAND AWAY FROM $$$ & REDISTRIBUTE TO LANDLESS • ASSASSINATED • GAIUS GRACCHUS 153-121BC • LAND REFORMS CONTINUED • EXPANDED POLITICAL INFLUENCE TO EQUESTRIANS WHO NOW CONTROL TAXES & COURTS • SENATE UPSET & KILLS GAIUS • BREAKDOWN OF REPUBLIC BEGINS

  5. CONTINUED STRIFE & MILITARY LEADERS & REFORMS • POPULAR DISCONTENT LED TO RISE OF MARIUS 157-86 BCE • CONSUL 107, EQUEST., COMMAND OF ARMY FROM PLEBS NOT SENATE • GENERALS NO LONGER NEEDED TO BE LOYAL TO SENATE • MADE CONSUL 104-100BCE • REFORMS W/ DRASTIC CONSEQUENCES • SOLDIERS FROM URBAN & RURAL FOLKS W/ NO PROPERTY • LOYAL TO GENERAL NOT STATE • PROMISED LAND AT RETIREMENT • 10 YEARS PEACE & THEN WAR • 90-88BC – ITALIAN WAR • IT. VS. R – ROME GRANTED FULL CITIZENSHIP TO ALL FREE ITALIANS - MANY NEW VOTERS

  6. AND THE DRAMA BEGINS • MARIUS RETIRES & SULLA (138-78) MADE CONSUL 88BC – NOBILES • CONTROL OVER WAR IN ASIA MINOR BUT MARIUS RETURNS • WHO’S IN CHARGE? PLEBS SAY MARIUS & SULLA UNHAPPY • MARIUS FLEES, SULLA LEAVES ON CAMPAIGN, MARIUS RETURNS • MARIUS SEIZES GOVERNMENT, OUTLAWED SULLA & KILLED HIS SUPPORTERS • CIVIL WAR IN ROME & MARIUS DIES • CINNA, ALLY OF MARIUS, TAKES OVER; SULLA VICTORIOUS & RETURNS TO ROME & CRUSHED CINNA & SEIZES ROME 82BC • SULLA NOW DICTATOR FROM SENATE, REIGN OF TERROR, POPULAR ASSEMBLY LOSES MOST POWERS, EQUESTRIAN GAINS TAKEN AWAY • REPUBLIC RESTORED 79BC, RESIGNED AS DICTATOR, RETIRES, DIES & POWER VACUUM • REAL LEGACY HOW TO GAIN POWER W/ ARMY – NOT POLITICAL

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