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“A tremendous expansion of commercial, cultural, and biological exchanges around the world” Major changes from previous era: Introduction of the Americas as a cultural, political, and economic force Establishment of large empires: Spanish, Portuguese, French, and British
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“A tremendous expansion of commercial, cultural, and biological exchanges around the world” • Major changes from previous era: • Introduction of the Americas as a cultural, political, and economic force • Establishment of large empires: Spanish, Portuguese, French, and British • African slavery in the Americas began a large cultural exchange • The printing press spread ideas quickly as literacy improved in North America and Europe • By 1750 the balance of power had shifted from East to West. 1450-1750
The Americas • Formation of the United States and Canada • Portuguese in Brazil, Spanish in the rest of Latin America • Brazil is world’s main source of sugar 1600 • Dutch bring slavery and sugar to West Indies • Silver is discovered in Bolovia • French and Indian War (1754-1763)
Europe • 1500-1600 Spain’s Golden Century • 1519 Protestant Reformation/Catholic Reformation • Scientific Revolution • 1618-1648 Thirty Years’ War • 1700-1800 Enlightenment • 1600-1700 Netherlands’ Golden Century • Power shifts in Europe’s favor as they militarize competitively
Africa • 1505 Portuguese begin assault on Swahili cities • 1591 Morocco conquers Songhai Empire • 1640s expansion of transatlantic slave trade • 1750-1800 growing slave trade reduces population
Middle East • 1520-1566 reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (Ottoman sultan) • 1683 Last Ottoman seige of Vienna • 1722 Fall of Safavid Empire • 1718 Ottoman military decline • TajMahal is built
Asia and Oceania • 1526 Mughal Empire begins • 1556 rule of Akbar begins • 1592 Japan invades Korea • 1603 Tokugawa Shogunate founded in Japan • 1639 “Closing” of Japan • 1644 Qing Empire begins in China • 1691 British begin trading post at Calcutta