By Patricia Lauber

1. "Summer of Fire" By Patricia Lauber Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

2. Summary Slide • Graphic Aids • Text Structure and Format • Purpose • Graphic Aids • Text Structure: Sequence • Multiple-Meaning Words • Synonyms • About the Author • Websites Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

3. Graphic Aids • Maps, diagrams, charts, and graphs are types of graphic aids. • Graphic aids can help you better “see” and understand the information. • Graphic aids can provide visual examples of things described in the text. • Graphs are one way to show and compare information. Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

4. Graphic Aids • A map shows location. • A diagram shows the parts of an object. • A table compares information expressed as numbers. • A graph compares information visually. Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

5. Graphic Aids Read the following paragraph. Notice that the paragraph and the bar graph describe the same information. The difference in the level of water at high tide and low tide varies from place to place, and from day to day. The average difference between high tide and low tide water levels at Portland, Maine, is 9 feet and 1 inch. At Sandy Hook, New Jersey, it is 4 feet and 8 inches. The difference at Boston, Massachusetts, is 9 feet and 6 inches. At Key West, Florida, it is 1 foot and 10 inches. Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

6. Graphic Aids • Which of the four has the smallest difference in water level between high and low tides? (Back) • Which has the greatest? (Back) • What is the difference in water levels at Boston? (Back) • How does the graph help a reader comprehend the information? (Back) Key West Boston 9.5feet The graph makes it easier to visualize the relationship between the facts. The graph can help a reader see and remember the facts. Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

7. Graphic Aids • Use the map on p. 281 to answer the following questions. • Which fire was the closest to the North Entrance of the park? • Which fire burned the largest area? • Which fire came closest to Old Faithful? • What may have kept the Red-Shoshone Fire from spreading to the northeast? Fan Fire Clover-Mist Fire North Fork Fire the lake Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

8. Text Structure and Format Good readers use strategies, such as using text structure and format, to understand how an author has organized nonfiction information. Good readers are active readers, and they are constantly checking their comprehension to make sure that they understand what they read. Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

9. Purpose • Read to find out what happened in Yellowstone National Park in the summer of 1988. • Read pp. 276 – 291, “Summer of Fire” and “Smoke Jumpers” Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

10. Graphic Aids: Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

11. Graphic Aids Look at the graphic aids on the following pages. Summarize the selection, based on the graphic aids. Lightning started several fires in Yellowstone Park. The dry forests caught fire easily. The fires spread through the park. Fire fighters tried to put out the fires. Fighting the fires was hard work. Rain and snow finally helped put out the fires. Though the fires burned much of the park, it was not ruined. Much of the plant life would grow again. Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

12. Text Structure: Sequence Authors use text structure to organize information. One type of text structure is sequence, which is the order in which events happen. Writers often use time-order words such as first, next, then, and finally to show readers the sequence of events. Writers also use time words such as Wednesday, tomorrow, and last night to make clear a sequence of events. Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

13. Multiple-Meaning Words • A cold front brought rain. • The front of that house is brick. What is the common word? What does it mean in each sentence? What do the following words mean in the selection? Use the word in another sentence that shows a different meaning? • bolt (p. 281) • major (p. 284) • arm (p. 285) Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

14. Synonyms • Give a synonym for each underlined word. • The tide slowly ebbed, exposing the sandy beach. • The forecast was for high winds. • The winds were shifting. • Snow blanketed the forest. • The forest was not ruined. • This is what usually happened. dwindled prediction changing covered destroyed typically Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

15. About the Author: Patricia Lauber • Born in New York • Writer and editor • Likes doing research because helps her to learn new things • To relax she sails, travels, listens to music, goes to theater • Patricia Lauber Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

16. Websites • Missoula Smokejumpers • FEMA for Kids: Wildfires • Test Tutor: Text Structure: Sequence • Grammar Practice Park: Pronoun Clubhouse • Grammar Gold: Pronouns/Antecedent Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”

17. Credits • Harcourt Trophies – Distant Voyages, Chicago: Harcourt, 2003. • MacMillan Connections – Landscapes, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1987. Theme 3: A Changing Planet “Summer of Fire”