Unit 8: Climatic Interactions Part 2

1. Unit 8: Climatic InteractionsPart 2

2. Warm Up

3. Construct an Anemometer • What is this object? • Anemometer, instrument used to measure the wind • What purpose of an Anemometer? • Measure the wind speed • How does it work? • Multiply the circumference by the revolutions • Today you are going to make one!

4. Construct an Anemometer • Open Calculating Wind Speed • You will collect data during class and calculate your wind speed as homework

5. Warm Up

6. Atmospheric Movement and Fronts Lab Open Atmospheric Movement and Fronts Lab

7. Low Pressure Demo Stay in control!!!!!!!!

8. Low Pressure Demo • Why is burning the paper necessary? • The burning paper heats the air and removes the oxygen. The paper will burn until the oxygen is used or the paper in consumed. The air then warms then cools as the fire go out. Because there is less air in the jar now, it exerts less pressure. When the temperature inside and outside of the bottle is the same, the air pressure outside the bottle pushes the balloon inside. • How does this demonstration relate to atmospheric patterns and weather? • If the temperature of the air changed, the pressure of the sir also changes. Heating a constant volume of air causes the pressure of the air to increase. If the air is cooled, the pressure decreases. This pattern is seen in high and low pressure areas, convection, and air masses.

9. Atmospheric Movement and Fronts Lab Copy what is in Yellow

10. Atmospheric Movement and Local Weather

11. Let’s Review

12. Air Masses

13. Air Pressure

14. MoreDirect Sun Hot 0 o Equator 90 o S 60 o N 90 o N 30 o S 60 o S 30 o N

15. Convection Currents

16. Global Convection Cells

17. Global Wind Patterns

18. The Coriolis Effect

19. Jet Stream

20. Jet Stream • Forms high in the upper Troposphere between two air masses of different temperatures • Higher temperature difference = faster speed • Due to the Coriolis Effect, it flows around air masses. • Polar Jet: • It dips southward when frigid polar air masses move south. • It tends to stay north in the summer months

21. Jet Stream Animation http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vanished/jetstr_five.html

22. El Nino • Abnormally high surface ocean temperatures off the coast of South America • Causes unusual weather patterns across the globe

23. Gulf Stream A strong surface current Begins at the tip of Florida Flows up the eastern coastline of the U.S. Crosses the Atlantic Ocean Causes warmer climate in NW Europe

24. Variables Affecting Local Weather

25. Fronts When convection and winds cause air masses to move, they bump into one another. The area where two air masses meet is called a front. Most severe weather occurs near frontal boundaries.

26. Cold Front- Cold air meets warm air- Fast moving and stormy, severe weather is likely

27. Cold Front Symbol Draw this

28. Warm Front- Warm air meets cold air- Slow moving with less severe weather

29. Warm Front Symbol Draw this

30. Stationary Front Stationary Front: Warm and cool air masses that are not strong enough to move one another Sits still for a long period of time

31. Stationary Front Symbol Draw This

32. Friction

33. Frontal Boundary Simulations http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/weather_fronts/

34. High and Low Pressure Circulation

35. Air Pressure and Wind Air pressure is measured with a barometer in millibars. Millibars are represented by connected lines of equal pressure. This is a lot like the topographic map lines. The closer together the lines are, the faster the wind speed. The farther apart the lines are, the slower the wind speed.

36. The Earth’s Insulator • The Sun heats the water and land every day. • Land heats up rapidly, but cools off rapidly. • Desert • Water heats up slowly, but cools off slowly. • Swimming at night • The heat retained by the oceans is what keeps our planet insulated.

37. Land and Sea Breezes The heating and cooling of water and land produces land breezes and sea breezes. High pressure moves toward low pressure, pushing the warm air upward. As warm air rises, cooler air moves in and replaces it.

38. Land Breeze

39. Sea Breeze

40. Sea Breeze and Land Breeze Simulation http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/es1903page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

41. Atmospheric Movement and Fronts Using the notes we just took answer theses questions in one complete sentence, at the bottom of your page Why does the Earth have wind and ocean currents? How do global patterns of atmospheric movement affect local weather?

42. Investigating Fronts Lab Follow Directions Complete Handout and Turn In

43. Warm Up

44. Weather Symbol Card Sort With your shoulder partner, sort the cards into 6 groups of 3

45. Open Weather Maps

46. Weather Maps Weather maps are used to show current weather conditions in an effort to predict future weather conditions. You need to know what each symbol means and how to interpret them to forecast the weather.

47. Cold Front Symbol

48. Moves in the Direction of the Triangles Cold, dense air is moving toward warm, less dense air. The warm air is pushed up to cool and form clouds as the cooler air replaces it. The air on the front side of the boundary line is warmer than the air on the back side of the boundary line. Cold Fronts are usually fast moving and bring stormy weather and heavy precipitation followed by clearing skies and higher pressure.

49. Warm Front Symbol

50. Moves in the Direction of the Semi-Circles Warm air is moving toward cold air. The warm, less dense air slides over the cold, more dense air. The air on the front side of the boundary line is cooler than the air on the back side of the boundary line. Warm Fronts usually move slowly and bring steady rain or snow over many days.