West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection

1. West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection Draft TMDL Public Meetings September 27, 2011 Elkview Middle School Elk Watershed TMDLs

2. TMDL/ water quality standards recap • Overview of this TMDL effort • Explanation/demonstration of electronic documents, spreadsheets, tools • Questions and Answers Agenda

3. “Total Maximum Daily Load” • How much pollutant a stream can receive and remain healthy • A Pollution Budget – prescribes reduction of pollutants (where needed) that result in the restoration of an impaired stream • TMDL development is required by the Clean Water Act for all streams impaired by a pollutant What’s a TMDL?

4. Stream that doesn’t meet water quality standards • WV Water Quality Standards are codified in 47CSR2 • Standards include “Designated Uses” for WV waters and the criteria to protect those uses • Water Quality Criteria can be numeric or narrative What’s an Impaired Stream?

5. Criteria of Concern • Fecal Coliform • Water Contact Recreation; Public Water Supply • 200 counts/100ml as a monthly geometric mean • no more than 10% of samples in a month exceed 400 counts/100ml • Total Iron • Aquatic Life/Public Water Supply • Not to exceed 1.5 mg/l as a 4 day average concentration more than once in a three year period • Not to exceed 0.5 mg/l (troutwater) as a 4 day average concentration more than once in a three year period

6. Criteria of Concern • Dissolved Aluminum • Aquatic life • Not to exceed 750 ug/l as a 4 day average concentration more than once in a three year period • Not to exceed 750 ug/l as a 1 hour average concentration more than once in a three year period • Not to exceed 87 ug/l (troutwater)as a 4 day average concentration more than once in a three year period • pH • All uses • No values below 6.0 nor above 9.0

7. Criteria of Concern • Total Selenium • Aquatic Life, Public Water Supply • Not to exceed 5 ug/l as a 4 day average more than once in a three year period • Not to exceed 20 ug/l as a 1 hour average more than once in a three year period • Not to exceed 50 ug/l (Public Drinking Water)

8. Biological Impairment • Conditions Not Allowable in State Waters • (47 CSR 2-3.2i) “.....no significant adverse impact to the chemical, physical, hydrologic or biological components of aquatic ecosystems shall be allowed.” • Benthic macroinvertebrate assessment • West Virginia Stream Condition Index (WVSCI) Criteria of Concern

9. S = “sum of” • WLA = “wasteload allocations” • LA = “load allocations” • MOS = “margin of safety” • WLAs - pollutant loads for “point sources” • Discharge from distinct point • Need NPDES permit • LAs - pollutant loads for “nonpoint sources” and background • Precipitation and runoff • No permit required TMDL = S WLA + S LA + MOS

10. Project Timeline: • Proposed streams advertised for public comment April 2007 • Initial Public Meetings (TMDL Intro) May 2007 • Watershed Monitoring and Source Tracking July 2007 - June 2008 • Allocation Philosophy Meeting October 2010 • Draft TMDL Public Meeting - Today TMDL Development History

11. Impaired Waters 214named streams – See Table 3-3 on page 10 of Main Report for a complete list of streams and impairments

12. MDAS (Mining Data Analysis System) • Fecal Coliform, total Iron, pH, dis. Aluminum • Continuous, dynamic model with hourly time step • Simulates low, medium and high flows • Can handle point and nonpoint sources (representation and allocation) • Recognizes exposure duration and exceedence frequency components of criteria • Metals speciation component allows evaluation of dissolved aluminum and pH • Selenium process different Modeling

13. Modeling From Sutton Dam downstream to mouth

14. Modeling 37 TMDL watersheds 440 subwatersheds

15. Design precipitation period Hourly precipitation data for a six-year period Design period includes wet and dry years Applied to present day land uses Permitted discharges equal to permit limits Baseline Condition

16. Existing pollutant sources reduced such that TMDL endpoints are achieved in each modeled subwatershed recognizing • Criteria value, duration & exceedence frequency • Margin of safety TMDL Condition

17. Required component of TMDLs • Explicit 5% used in most TMDLs • TMDL endpoints for numeric criteria are 95% of criterion value (example 1.425 mg/ml for 1.5 mg/ml criterion) Margin of Safety

18. Baseline/TMDL Example

19. Used subwatershed delineation and source info from Iron TMDL • Sources related to mining activities • Low flow critical situation • Mass balance evaluation • Implicit margin of safety Seleinum TMDL Process

20. Abandoned Mine Lands Streambank Erosion Active mining permits/Bond Forfeiture Upland Sediment Sources Harvested Forest Oil and Gas Agriculture Urban Residential Pollutant Sources (Iron)

21. AML sources • Surface runoff reduced to values equal to undisturbed forest • Seeps reduced to water quality criteria • Streambank Erosion reduced to reference stream loadings • Sediment Sources reduced to iron loadings equivalent to 100 mg/l TSS Iron Reduction Strategy

22. In subs influenced by mining, discharges were reduced to meet criteria (majority met criteria at this point) • Assessment of area by sediment source category and percent of total area within subwatershed • subsequent reductions based on percent of total pollutant load contributed by each category (if one category is 75% or more of total area – reduce first) Iron Reduction Strategy continued

23. Initial step – reduce Iron loadings to meet criteria • Acid precipitation (Fivemile Fork, Horse Fork, Beech Fork and Pheasant Run) • Additional alkalinity added as needed to increase pH and reduce dissolved aluminum • Abandoned Mine Lands • Add additional alkalinity to offset acid precipitation • Reduce total aluminum loads from sediment sources, as needed, to meet dissolved aluminum water quality criteria pH/Aluminum Pollutant Sources & Reduction Strategy

24. Fecal Coliform • STP effluents represented at existing limits (200/400) • Failing/nonexistent on-site sewage systems – 100% reductions • Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) - reduced to water quality criteria (200/400 cts) • Sensitivity Analysis • Agriculture • Urban Runoff Fecal Pollutant Sources & Strategy

25. Evaluate selenium concentration at pour points of all subwatersheds of Se impaired streams • Use USGS “South Central” equation for 7Q10 flows at subwatershed pour points • Add pumped discharges to 7Q10 for critical flow • Partition critical flow to regulated (Per bd/pumped) discharges and dilutions components • Mass balance to achieve criterion at each subwatershed pour point Selenium Allocation Methodology

26. Resulting concentration applied to “on bench” outlets • Criterion end-of-pipe WLA applicable to continuous discharges and instream treatment ponds (Implicit MOS) • Ensures criterion are achieved at both pour points for all outlets and immediate discharge location for continuous discharges • See Technical Report Appendix J for details Selenium Allocation Methodology continued

27. Stressor identification • Define potential stressors/pathways • Evaluate chemistry, habitat, field notes, bugs • Determine stressors • Stressor/TMDL Linkage • Organic Enrichment ......FC surrogate • Sediment …….Total Iron surrogate • Metal Toxicity (Al) …….Dissolved Aluminum • pH Toxicity ……..pH • Ionic Stress……deferred Biological Impairment TMDLs Table 4-1, Page 24 Linkage

28. All biologically impaired streams for which organic enrichment is a significant stressor are also impaired for fecal coliform • Implementation of fecal coliform TMDL will require removal of untreated sewage and animal wastes and remove organic enrichment stress • Fecal TMDL is an appropriate surrogate Organic Enrichment Stressor

29. All biologically-impaired streams for which sedimentation is a significant stressor are also impaired for iron Sediment reduction needed to meet iron water quality criteria is larger than that needed under reference watershed approach Iron TMDLs are appropriate surrogate Sedimentation Stressor

30. Reference Stream Method (previous approach) Select unimpaired reference watershed with similar landuse, ecoregion, geomorphological characteristics Normalized sediment loading in reference watershed is TMDL target for biologically-impaired stream Present Sediment TMDL • TSS/Iron correlation Method (current approach) • Correlate TSS and Iron values • Model Iron • Present Iron TMDL • Calculate TSS reduction for Fe • Compare to TSS reduction for reference approach Sedimentation Stressor

31. Sedimentation Stressor Table 9.1 on page 55 of draft report

32. Uncertainty exists about exact pollutants or combination of pollutants causing impairments and appropriate thresholds • Streams are being retained on 303d list • WVDEP and USEPA Region III have agreed upon a plan to develop these biological impairment TMDLs by 2014 Ionic Stress

33. New facility anywhere in watershed if meeting water quality criteria end of pipe • New sewage discharges w/ 200/400 fecal coliform effluent limits • Subwatershed-specific future growth allowances have been provided for site registrations under the Construction Stormwater General Permit • Full details on Future Growth can be found on page 89 of the Draft report Future Growth Highlights

34. Public Comment period ends October 14, 2011 • Documents may be reviewed/downloaded from DEP webpage http://www.dep.wv.gov/WWE/watershed/TMDL/Pages/default.aspx • CD available upon request – CD includes GIS Shapefiles and Technical Report • Comments should be submitted to Steve Young at Stephen.A.Young@wv.gov • Questions - contact Dave Montali, Jim Laine, Mike McDaniel, Ben Lowman • (304) 926-0499 (Ext 1063, 1061, 1055, 1101) • David.A.Montali@wv.gov, James.C.Laine@wv.gov, • Michael.L.McDaniel@wv.gov, Ben.M.Lowman@wv.gov Public Comment

35. TMDL Products • Main Report – Overall description of the TMDL for development process for streams in the Elk watershed • Technical Report with detailed appendices

36. TMDL Products • Allocation spreadsheets: • Fecal Coliform, Iron, Aluminum, etc • TMDL for each stream, WLAs and LAs by SWS • Filterable • GIS shapefiles, along with Technical Report and Appendices, available on CD • Coming soon – web access GIS

37. CD /Spreadsheets/ GIS Demo