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Blood Typing

Blood Typing. Chancellor Blackwell Biology Simonof 3/10/2014. Chart. The ABO Blood Group System. Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma) Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma)

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Blood Typing

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  1. Blood Typing Chancellor Blackwell Biology Simonof 3/10/2014

  2. Chart

  3. The ABO Blood Group System • Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma) • Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma) • Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma) • Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)

  4. How Is My Blood Type Determined? • It’s inherited. • Like eye color, blood type is passed genetically from your parents. • Whether your blood group is type A, B, AB or O is based on the blood types of your mother and father.

  5. Blood Types and the Population • O positive is the most common blood type. • Not all ethnic groups have the same mix of these blood types. • Hispanic people, for example, have a relatively high number of O’s, while Asian people have a relatively high number of B’s. • Some patients require a closer blood match than that provided by the ABO positive/negative blood typing.

  6. Blood Types and the Population • For example, sometimes if the donor and recipient are from the same ethnic background the chance of a reaction can be reduced. • That’s why an African-American blood donation may be the best hope for the needs of patients with sickle cell disease, 98 percent of whom are of African-American descent.

  7. Antigens • In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the Rh factor, which can be either present (+) or absent ( – ). • In general, Rh negative blood is given to Rh-negative patients, and Rh positive blood or Rh negative blood may be given to Rh positive patients.

  8. Red cells and plasma • The universal red cell donor has Type O negative blood type. • The universal plasma donor has Type AB positive blood type.

  9. Importance of Type O • Different ethnic and racial groups also have different frequency of the main blood types in their populations. • For example, approximately 45 percent of Caucasians are Type O, but 51 percent of African Americans and 57 percent of Hispanics are Type O.

  10. Importance of Type O • Type O is routinely in short supply and in high demand by hospitals – both because it is the most common blood type and because Type O-negative blood, in particular, is the universal type needed for emergency transfusions. • Minority and diverse populations, therefore, play a critical role in meeting the constant need for blood.

  11. Work Cited • http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-types • http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-and-diversity • Google Images

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