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Review of Radiographic Anatomy. Dr. Vandana Kumar, DDS, MS. RESTORATIONS. Maxilla. Median Palatine Suture. Median Palatine Suture. Anterior Nasal Spine. Nasal Septum. Nasal Fossae. 1 - Incisive Foramen 2 - Nasal septum 3 - Zygoma. Incisive Foramen. Nose Border & Alar Cartilage.
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Review of Radiographic Anatomy Dr. Vandana Kumar, DDS, MS
Median Palatine Suture Median Palatine Suture
1 - Incisive Foramen 2 - Nasal septum 3 - Zygoma Incisive Foramen
Lip Line Nasolabial fold Soft tissue Shadows
White arrows denote radiolucent area of incisive/canine fossa Black arrows delineate margin of alar cartilage of the nose Incisive Fossa & Canine Fossa
Malar Process/Zygomatic Arch 1-White arrows denote the malar process 2-Black arrows delineate the lower border of the zygomatic arch
Genial tubercles Lingual foramen Mental Ridge
Genial tubercles Lingual foramen Mental Ridge
nutrient canals mandibular tori
Mental Foramen • White arrows outline the mental foramen. • Black arrows outline apical pathology which is secondary to pulpal exposure from coronal caries
White arrows indicate external oblique ridge • Black arrows delineated internal oblique ridge
Concepts of Normal Panoramic Anatomy Concept 1 Structures are flattened and spread out Desirable: mandible, mandibular canal etc. Undesirable: nasal turbinate and meati Concept 2 Midline structures may be projected in two ways: As single, midline structures As bilateral structures
Concept 2 Zone of Single Images: Single midline structures in this zone will appear on radiograph as single midline structures, e.g. incisor teeth, nasal fossa, anterior nasal spine, soft tissue of nose. Zone of double Images: Single midline structures in this zone will appear on the radiograph as bilateral (double) structures, e.g. hyoid bone, palate, cervical spine *Double images occur because the object lies between the center of rotation and the film twice during one exposure cycle.
Hard Palate Hyoid Bone
Concept 3 • Ghost Images are formed
REAL IMAGE GHOST IMAGE
Concept 3 Ghost of contra-lateral ramus Ghost of Hard Palate
Concept 4 Soft tissue outlines are visualized Examples: lips, nasolabial fold, dorsum of tongue, soft palate, ear and ear lobe.
Concept 4 Dorsum of tongue Soft Palate Nasolabial fold
Concept 5 Air spaces are visualized • Examples: maxillary sinus, nasal fossa, air space above tongue, naso-oro-hypopharynx
Posterior Pharyngeal wall Palatoglossal air space
Nasopharyngeal air space Glossopharyngeal air space
Concept 5 Platoglossal Airspace Maxillary sinuses Naso-pharyngeal Airspace
Concept 6 Areas adjacent to tooth bearing areas are visualized • Example: condyle, coronoid process, zygomatic arch, maxillary sinus, nasal fossa, orbit, styloid process, hyoid bone.
Concept 6 Articular eminence Condyle Glenoid fossa Sigmoid notch
Cervical vertebrae Mandibular foramen