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Introduction to Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

Introduction to Microprocessors & Microcontrollers. http://mango.e-cpe.org. Microprocessor?. Image - PC Perspective. http://pcper.com. Micro-controller?. PIC. 8051, AVR. PSoC. MSP430. Where do they live?. Where do they live?. System Components. CPU. RAM. I/O. Storage.

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Introduction to Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

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  1. Introduction to Microprocessors & Microcontrollers http://mango.e-cpe.org

  2. Microprocessor? Image - PC Perspective. http://pcper.com

  3. Micro-controller? PIC 8051, AVR PSoC MSP430

  4. Where do they live?

  5. Where do they live?

  6. System Components CPU RAM I/O Storage

  7. System Components CPU CPU RAM Storage I/O

  8. Performance 4 MIPSat 20 MHz 76,383 MIPS at 3.2 GHz Ref: http://www.wikipedia.org

  9. Power Consumption 0.15 Watts 130 Watts Ref: Microchip, Intel

  10. Price 25 - 1,000Baht 1,500 - 35,000Baht Ref: Microchip, Sharkyextreme.com

  11. Self contained Limited resources Used for a specific job Low power Low cost Needs Chipsets Large Memory, fast clock rates More general purpose Requires more power More expensive Right tool right job Microcontroller Microprocessor

  12. What does the iPhone use? Image – Apple Inc.

  13. I-Phone Internals Image – Semiconductor insights

  14. Apple iPad

  15. Apple’s A4 Processor

  16. A4 Processor CPU 1 GHz Memory Controller RAM 256 MBytes I/O Controller Flash Memory 64 GBytes Graphics Processing (1024x768) Sensor Ports A4 Chip

  17. Microcontroller (i.e. PIC16F887) CPU 20 MHz RAM 368 Bytes Memory Controller I/O Controller Flash Memory 8 KBytes Graphics Processing Sensor Ports

  18. Mixed Design Sometimes called System on a Chip (SoC) MCU MPU

  19. A Brief History x86 Processors

  20. Main Player Santa Clara, California, USA

  21. Rival #1 Sunnyvale, California, USA

  22. Rival #2 Taipei, Taiwan

  23. Intel 4004 (1971) • 4 Bits • 0.74 MHz • 2,300 Transistors

  24. 4004 Application Busicom* 141-PF Calculator

  25. Same computing power as the ENIAC = Intel 4004

  26. Intel 8086/8088

  27. Test Drive I : Runs well on a 8088 machine

  28. 80x86

  29. The Pentium Era

  30. 60MHz 3.8GHz 0.25 um 65 nm

  31. Intel’s mistake 2 • Focus too much on Clock Speed

  32. Intel’s mistake 2 • 64 Bit CPU • Not Backward Compatible

  33. AMD’s Successful Athlon Processors • Better Performance per Watts • Backward Compatible 64 Bit System

  34. The return of Intel

  35. Multicore Era

  36. Current CPU Kings AMD Phenom II X6 1090T 6 Cores, 3.2 GHz, 6 MB L3 Cache 45 nm Process, 125Watts US$295 Core™ i7-980X 6 Cores, 3.33 GHz, 12 MB L2 Cache 32 nm Process, 140Watts. US$999

  37. AMD + ATI + CPU GPU

  38. Power per Watt: A new measure for CPU performance Intel ATOM 2-6.5W AMD Bobcat 1-10W (2011) VIA Nano 5-25W

  39. ATOM Processor’s Silicon

  40. Conclusions • ในยุคต้นมุ่งเน้นการเพิ่มความเร็วเป็นหลัก • ปัจจุบันมุ่งไปที่ performance per watt มากขึ้น • เทคโนโลยีการผลิตที่สูงขึ้นทำให้ Multi-core CPU เป็นที่นิยม • ทิศทางใหม่ๆ ของการพัฒนาแบ่งเป็น • การรวมศูนย์อุปกรณ์ต่างๆ ไว้ใน Processor มากขึ้น • เกิดการแตกสาย Processor เพื่อเจาะกลุ่มเป้าหมายต่างๆ มากขึ้น

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