Week 8

1. Week 8

2. Where are we now? • Draft 1.1: Literature Review • Draft 1.2: Literature Review • BA5: Analysis of an Argument • BA6: Analysis of Visuals • Draft 2.1: Researched Argument • BA7: Revision • BA8: Revision • Draft 2.2: Researched Argument

3. Overview • Looking ahead to Draft 2.1 • BA 5: Analysis of an Argument • Homework

4. Draft 2.1: Researched Argument • To complete this assignment, write an argument. The argument should have: • An identifiable thesis • Lines of argument (main points) • Logical support, ethical and emotional appeals (if applicable) • Counterargument and rebuttal • 6 sources • 1500 words

5. Draft 2.1: Researched Argument • An arguable statement has three characteristics: • It attempts to convince readers of something, change their minds about something, or urge them to do something. • It addresses a problem for which no easily acceptable solution exists or asks a question to which no absolute answer exists. • It presents a position that readers might realistically have varying perspectives on.

6. Draft 2.1: Researched Argument • If your topic or argument does not meet all of those requirements, NOW is the time to start thinking of a new topic. • If your topic turned out not to be as informative or interesting as you would have liked, NOW is the time to start thinking of a new topic. • If it was too difficult to find good (or understandable) sources, NOW is the time to find new ones or to start thinking of a new topic.

7. Analyzing an Argument • First, find the author’s purpose. What is he or she trying to convince you to believe or do? • Next, examine how the author makes points. What kinds of appeals does he or she use? • Finally, keep in mind the author’s ideological framework. How does this influence the author’s purpose and appeals?

8. Arguments and Appeals • Emotional Appeals (pathos) • Stir up emotions and/or remind us of deeply held values • Ethical Appeals (ethos) • Support the credibility, moral character, trustworthiness of the argument’s creator • Logical Appeals (logos) • Facts, examples, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, analogies, etc. • See Chapter 6 in First Year Writing for more on logical appeals.

9. Ideologies/ Theoretical Framework • “A coherent set of beliefs that people use to understand events and the behavior of other people; these beliefs are also used to predict events and behaviors”. • In other words, the writer’s underlying values or unstated assumptions. • Their point of view.

10. Change in Assignment Directions !! Brief Assignment 5: Analyzing Effectiveness of Support Description: Read the following article, and in a 400-600 word essay, identify and analyze the various types of support the author or authors use and discuss how the support helps frame the authors’ ideological framework. * “Iraq and the Democratic Peace: Who Says Democracies Don’t Fight?” (501-505)

11. Change in Assignment Directions! Remember that support can appear in a text in different forms, including, but not limited to logical appeals, emotional appeals, ethical appeals, and logical reasoning. What kinds of support does the author or authors employ?  Clearly identify the kinds of support used.  Provide specific examples from the text, and Fully explain how the example functions within the text.  How do these appeals aid the author in their overall purpose?  How do the chosen forms of support enhance the author’s purpose?

12. Change in Assignment Directions In order to complete this assignment, you will need to have identified: the author’s argument, the various supportive points they use and the appeal each point employs the authors’ ideological framework. It may be useful to get out a sheet of paper and simply list and identify each one before beginning.

13. Successful responses will: 1. consist of two or more well-composed, cohesive paragraphs 2. briefly introduce the text at hand 3.  have a guiding thesis that makes a statement about the authors’ purpose, support, and ideological framework. 4. clearly identify and explain the kinds of support used 5.  provide relevant examples from the text 6. coherently discuss how the chosen forms of support relate to the authors’ purpose. 7. coherently discuss how the support and appeals relate to the authors’ ideological framework.

14. Again, you must evaluate this article: * “Iraq and the Democratic Peace: Who Says Democracies Don’t Fight?” (501-505) Length: 400 - 600 words Format: MLA style for internal citations and works cited.

15. Textual Citation • 1. AUTHOR NAMED IN A SIGNAL PHRASEOrdinarily, you can use the author’s name in a signal phrase that introduces the material and cite the page number(s) in parentheses. You may want to use the full name the first time you cite a source, but use just the last name for later references. • Herrera indicates that Kahlo believed in a “vitalistic form of pantheism” (328).

16. Textual Citation • 2. AUTHOR NAMED IN A PARENTHETICAL REFERENCEWhen you do not mention the author in a signal phrase, include the author’s last name before the page number(s) in the parentheses. Use no punctuation between the author’s name and the page number(s). • In places, Beauvoir “sees Marxists as believing in subjectivity” (Whitmarsh 63).

17. Textual Citation • 3. TWO OR THREE AUTHORSUse all the authors’ last names in a signal phrase or parenthetical reference. • Gortner, Hebrun, and Nicolson maintain that “opinion leaders” influence other people in an organization because they are respected, not because they hold high positions (175).

18. 1. • The author’s point is salient, but it’s difficult to know weather or not to believe her.

19. 2. • The author stated that “plants are the most loving of creatures” (Hallbrook, 15).

20. 3) • The problem with this method is that it has no validity, the author should change their experiment.

21. 5) • The author’s point is that the bones, Native American relics, belong to science. This argument has several flaws, namely it’s large bias.

22. 6) • In his article on food science, Michael Pollen uses a study from Harvard on recent miscalculations about types of fat to demonstrate science’s fallibility.

23. 7) • The author makes a strong case against Simmon’s research “Simmon greatly underestimates target value and frequently makes unfounded assumptions” (Oliver 9).

24. Participation/Homework • Guided Outline • The more effort you put into this now, the easier it will be to write your 2.1.

25. So What’s Due, Again? • Friday: BA5 • Follow the new directions. • Use the “Iraq” article ONLY. • USE EXAMPLES FROM THE TEXT (and cite them) • Don’t just point out appeals. Explain how they work and how they relate to the purpose. • Next Class: Guided Outline