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Chapter 29 Wilson an Progressivism at Home and abroad

Chapter 29 Wilson an Progressivism at Home and abroad. 1912-1916. Taft as President. Busted 90 trusts (more than TR)- Standard Oil & US Steel Taft splits the Party- angers Progressives Progressives wanted lower tariffs

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Chapter 29 Wilson an Progressivism at Home and abroad

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  1. Chapter 29Wilson an Progressivism at Home and abroad 1912-1916

  2. Taft as President Busted 90 trusts (more than TR)- Standard Oil & US Steel Taft splits the Party- angers Progressives Progressives wanted lower tariffs Payne-Aldridge Tariff- barely lowered the tariff; conservative Republicans tacked on higher tariffs items like on canary seed, hides, sea moss? (angers Progressives) “best bill the Republican Party ever passed”-Taft Created Bureau of Mines- control mineral resources, rescue lands from exploitation—more of a conservationist that TR Ballenger-Pinchot Controversy- fired Pinchot (TR’S boy)= TR angered 1911- Taft initiated a lawsuit against US Steel- involved a merger that TR had personally OK’ed while pres.- angered TR

  3. TR Returns • 1910- TR RETURNS TO THE US- upset with Taft, Progressives upset with Taft • Taft supported by ‘Old Guard” Republicans-CONSERVATIVE • TR supported by Progressive wing National Progressive Republican League formed 1911 • Leading candidate for pres. Robert Lafollette • 1912- TR actively contacted governors to support his nomination • New Nationalism- TR advocated increase US government power to remedy economic & social problems.

  4. The Republican Convention 1912 • Met in Chicago • TR 100 delegates short of nomination- Progressives questioned legitimacy of 250 Taft delegates • Taft delegates controlled convention== majority • TR supporters =Progressive Republicans walked out to support TR’s third Party candidacy.

  5. Progressives Choose Roosevelt • Chicago 1912- Pro- Roosevelt Progressives met (@2000) ; chose TR as candidate. • Jane Addams placed TR’s name in nomination • Progressive Party nickname= “Bull Moose Party” • Roosevelt’s “New Nationalism” - consolidation of trusts & labor, accompanied by growth of regulatory agencies. • Campaigned for women suffrage • Social welfare programs (min. wage laws & social ins.) • Both TR & Wilson- favored more active government role in economic & social affairs. • TR influenced by Herbert Croly- The Promise of American Life .

  6. Democrats Choose a Candidate • Democrats out of power since 1897 • 1912-Dems met in Baltimore; chose Dr. Woodrow Wilson (46 ballots)- militant progressive, president of Princeton (1902) • Gov. of NY (1910) • Attacked the trusts in NJ- returned the government to the people. • “New Freedom”- stronger antitrust laws, banking reform, tariff reductions= “Triple Wall of Privilege” • New Freedom-favored small business, free unregulated & un-monopolized market, shunned social welfare, vigorous enforcement of antitrust laws

  7. Election Campaign of 1912 • Taft & TR attacked each other- “dangerous egotist” & “Fat head” • 1912 Milwaukee, Wis.- TR shot in the chest by a fanatic (saloon keeper –John Shrank), delivered his speech-then suspended his campaign for 2 weeks. “See it takes more than a bullet to stop a Bull Moose” • * Wilson won the election (435 electoral votes; TR=88 electoral votes, Taft= 8 electoral votes) • Wilson a minority president= only won 41% of popular vote • Taft & Roosevelt polled more votes than Wilson • Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 6% of popular vote • Progressive Party faded= ran only one viable candidate • Socialists= elected more than 1000 to state & local office

  8. Republicans are a minority • Minority status in Congress for next 6 years • kept out of the White House for 8 years • Taft- taught law for 8 years– then was named Chief Justice of Supreme Court (1921)

  9. Wilson as President • Born in Virginia, raised in Georgia & Carolina’s • 1st man from seceded states to reach White House since before the war • Ideas of self determination, faith in the masses came from his Southern upbringing (failed to address segregation) • Fervent piety, stubborn, aloof, sense of moral righteousness

  10. Wilson Attacks the Triple Wall • 1913- called Congress into special session-delivered presidential message himself (precedent) • Underwood Tariff– reduced rates significantly; contained an income tax component. • 16th Amendment(1913)- made income tax constitutional. • 1917- income TAX surpassed TARIFFS as main source of US revenue

  11. Wilson Reforms Banking • 1908- Congressional investigation led by Rep. Senator Aldrich –recommended a gigantic bank with many branches= a 3rd Bank of the US. • June 1913-Wilson appeared before Congress-endorsed a decentralized bank in gov’t hands • 1913- Federal Reserve Act-pres. Appoints a federal reserve board; 12 reserve districts with own central bank. • Issue paper currency (notes)=increased money circulation • Federal Reserve enabled US to weather 1st WW

  12. Wilson Tumbles the Third Wall-Trusts • 1914- Wilson went before Congress • 1914- Federal Trade Commissioncreated- crush monopoly by investigating unfair trade practices, unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, bribery & adulteration. • 1914- Clayton Anti-Trust Act-strengthened Sherman anti-trust; listed specific illegal practices: price discrimination, interlocking directorates • Gave Labor Unions the right to exist & strike legally= “Magna Carta” OF labor

  13. Wilsonian Progressivism High Tide • Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) • The Warehouse Act (1916) • Workingman’s Compensation Act (1916)- assistance for civil-service employees with disabilities. • The La Follette Seaman’s Act (1915)- • The Adamson Act- est. 8 hour workday for employees on RR on interstate trains with overtime pay. • Nominate Louis Brandeis-Supreme Court • Failed to address better treatment for blacks- increased segregation in federal bureaucracy!

  14. Wilson Foreign Policy • Hated imperialism, “Big Stick” diplomacy, & “Dollar Diplomacy” • 1912- got Congress to REPEALED the Panama Canal Tolls Act (1912)- had exempted US coastal shipping from tolls. • The Jones Act(1916)- granted the Philippines territorial status & eventual independence (July 4, 1946). Wilson Intervention • 1914-1915- dispatched US Marines to Haiti to protect US lives & property during a revolt; stayed 19 years= Haiti was an American protectorate. • 1916- signed a treaty with Haiti- US supervision of police & finances.

  15. Wilson Foreign Policy • Used Marines in Dominican Republic to stop riots-US controlled for 8 years. • 1917- Wilson purchased Virgin Islands from Denmark= Caribbean was becoming a Yankee Preserve Mexico • 1913- US investors had pumped @ billion dollars into Mexico– Mexican people remained poor & landless= revolted!! • 1913- murdered Mexican president & installed Gen.Victoriano Huerta= mass Mexican migration to the US= 1900-1930 about 1 million Mexicans came to the US.

  16. Wilson & Mexico • Revolutionaries threatened US property & lives in Mexico. • US citizens including (William Randolph Hearst ) & others demanded US action. • Wilson refused to recognize the government of Huerta • 1914- Wilson supplied Huerta’s enemies (VenustianoCarranza & Pancho Villa) with weapons. • April 1914 (Tampico Incident)- Mexican government arrested a few US sailors then released & apologized. • Wilson asked Congress for permission to go to war • Wilson sent the navy & captured Vera Cruz • The “ABC” Powers negotiated a settlement • July 1914- Huerta gov’t collapsed- Carranza succeeded him

  17. Wilson v. Poncho Villa • Poncho Villa became the chief rival to Carranza (Wilson’s guy) • Villa & men –killed 16 American mining engineers in Northern Mexico Jan. 1916 • Feb. 1916-Villa & men crossed into Columbus, NM & killed 19 Americans • Wilson sent US troops led Gen. John J. Pershing to capture Villa- clashed with Carranza forces & Villa forces--- never captured Villa • Jan. 1917- US troops pulled out of Mexico because of looming WWI

  18. Pershing Pursues Villa

  19. World War I

  20. World War I • 1st World War in history • Great War or War to End all War • Not called WWI until after WWII • Total war • Involved 60 nations and 6 continents

  21. Cost of War • $400 billion • $10 million dollars an hour • 16 million deaths • First war of the Industrial Revolution…… • New Weapons vs old tactics of fighting

  22. world map

  23. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  24. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  25. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  26. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  27. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  28. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  29. Trench Warfare

  30. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

  31. TRENCH WARFARE

  32. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

  33. The Zeppelin

  34. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

  35. Poison Gas Machine Gun

  36. LEADERS AND HEROES OF WWI Franz Ferdinand Kaiser Wilhem President Wilson Czar Nicholas Gen. John J. Pershing Sen. Henry Lodge Sergeant Alvin York Eddie Baron Manfred Valadir Leninn Rickenbacker von Richthofen Central Powers Allied Powers

  37. Causes of World War I in Europe • Imperialism • Nationalism • Militarism • European Alliances

  38. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Nationalism • Countries proud of their heritage and culture • Similar topatriotism • Ethnic groups of similar heritage wanted to free their oppressed brethren and unite their people into one country • The Balkans (an area dominated by Austria Hungary) wanted it’s independence= nationalism

  39. The Balkans Powder Keg • 1st Balkan War (1912-1913)- Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro united against Ottomans & ousted them. • Serbia emerges as dominant Slavic power

  40. Aggressive Nationalism

  41. alliances1 ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI • Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled several ethic groups. • Serbian nationalists wanted to untie Serbs who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia. • This led to the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Saravejo

  42. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Imperialism • France, Great Britain, Germany and Russia were establishing colonies in Africa and Asia • economic and political control over other countries…… • these countries were in competition for colonies

  43. Cartoon-European grab bag CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I European nations competing for colonies around the world…..Imperialism

  44. Cartoon-European grab bag COLONIAL CLAIMS BY 1900

  45. Cartoon-European grab bag COLONIAL CLAIMS BY 1900

  46. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Militarism • European nations began an arms race as they competed for colonies around the world……

  47. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, British and Russia] in millions of dollars. By 1906, President Roosevelt had built the US Navy into the 3rd largest naval fleet in the world….The Great White Fleet

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