Classification of Living Things

Classification of Living Things By: Karl Fernandez

Taxonomy The branch of biology concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.

Brief History of Classification Aristotle • Greek Philosopher • 4th Century BC (384-322 BC)

Divided all organisms into 2 kingdoms: Animals and Plants

Air Land Water

But how would you group this animal? Water Land Air

Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) • Swedish Botanist • 18th Century • Father of Taxonomy • Developed the Binomial System

Binomial System A system of naming species of organisms Binomial Nomenclature "Two Names" "System of Naming" 1. An organism is given two names in Latin 2. The first name is called the genus 3. The second name is called the species 4. Both the genus and species are either underlined or italicized 5. The genus is capitalized, while the species is not

For example... Genus: homo Species: sapiens Homo sapiens

Classification Categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Classification Categories King Kingdom Philip Phylum Came Class Over Order For Family Grandma’s Genus Soup Species

Five-Kingdom System Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Monera

Six-Kingdom System Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Archaebacteria • Means “ancient bacteria” • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Found living in harsh environments - Extreme high temperatures - High salinity (salt levels) - No oxygen (anaerobic environments) • Some are chemosynthetic autotrophs (produce their own food using inorganic substances, like sulfur) • Most are heterotrophic (obtain food from organic substances)

Eubacteria • Means “true bacteria” • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Some cause diseases - Tooth decay - Food poisoning • Both autotrophic and heterotrophic

Protista (Protoctista) • Most are unicellular • Eukaryotic • Most reproduce asexually • Locomotion by cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia (“false foot”) • Includes Euglena, Paramecium, and Amoeba

Fungi • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Cell walls contain material called chitin • Heterotrophic • Act as decomposers or parasites in nature • Includes molds, mildews, mushrooms, and yeast

Plantae • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Cell walls contain cellulose • Photosynthetic autotrophs (produce their own food using sunlight) • Includes: - Mosses - Ferns - Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) - Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Animalia • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Animal cells have cell membranes, not cell walls • Invertebrates (do not have a backbone) • Vertebrates (have a backbone) • Includes: - Sponges - Fish - Jellyfish - Birds - Worms - Reptiles - Sea Stars - Mammals - Insects

Classify the Organisms

Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

The End

Classification of Living Things