Chapter 8

1. Chapter 8 • Blanca is living with the Count • Clara feels that Blanca will return soon • Blanca learns of the Counts illegal business of selling priceless Incan artifacts & sometimes even mummies --the mummies give Blanca night terrors because she believes that they are walking around at night due to her hearing noises . • But she soon learns that it was the servants and Jean de Satigny taking explicit images of themselves --Blanca learns this by breaking into Jean’s black room, that is always locked • The chapter ends with Blanca escaping to the train station in hope to arrive at her house safely

2. Chapter 9 • Blanca gives birth as soon as she arrives • Alba born 2 feet first • Alba bears Satigny’s last name but goes by Trueba • Clara teaches her spiritualism • Jaime gives her a key to his library • When Alba is four, Nicolas goes to India; comes back a vegetarian • Alba is the only member of the family to which Esteban is able to express love • Alba questions the justice of the way Esteban treats the workers at Tres Marias • Blanca is independent of her father • Suitors for Blanca; bribes Alba to get to her mother • Blanca introduces to Pedro Tercero to Alba • Esteban Garcia arrives at the house; wants to kill & molest Alba; asks for recommendation to be a police academy • Clara realizes she’s about to die before Alba’s 7th birthday; Alba is the only one that understands death

3. Chile & Isms

4. Chile • Throughout its history, Chile has depended on great external powers for economic exchange and political influence: • Spain in the colonial period • Britain in the nineteenth century • the United States in the twentieth century.

5. Chile • The economy's extraction of primary products has gone hand in hand with severe exploitation of workers: --Beginning with the coerced labor of native Americans during the Spanish conquest --the exploitation continued with mestizo peonage on huge farms (haciendas) in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (1700s & 1800s) --brutal treatment of miners in the north in the first decade of the twentieth century (1900s) • When the Spaniards displaced the indigenous people in their sixteenth century conquest, then began the conflict over land in the countryside

6. History of Chilean Politics • From 1932 to 1973, Chile was built on its republican tradition being elitist and conservative • Undergirding that system were Chile's strong political parties, which were often attracted to foreign ideologies and formulas. • As Chile's political parties grew, they attracted followers not only on the basis of ideology but also on the basis of patron-client relationships between candidates and voters.  • 1973 Chilean coup d'état was the result of conflicting ideologies • military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1973-90) unions were suppressed and wages were depressed, unemployment increased, and political parties were banned.

7. The Novel History

8. Which Character Believes in What? Esteban Trueba Father Restrepo Clara Jaime Pedro Tercero Garcia Fuerla Father Jose Dulce Maria

9. Spiritualism: • The belief that the dead communicate with the living, as through a medium. • The practices or doctrines of those holding such a belief. • What does Clara DO? • -Predict the future and communicate with the dead • Who are the Mora Sisters? • -Spiritualist friends of Claras • Who believes in Spiritualism? • -Clara, the Mora Sisters, and Nicolas A three- legged -table like the one that Clara uses to talk to the spirits.

10. Catholicism: • The faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church • Adherence to the forms of Christian doctrine and practice • Only Two Priest in Novel: Father Restrepo and Father Jose Dulce Maria Why? -Because Clara’s spiritualism is against the Catholic beliefs. • Who is the only true Catholic in the Novel? -Ferula Esteban’s sister • Why does Clara respect the Priest? -Because they will give “ ‘ a little matter to the order of the spirit’ ” • What does Jaime believe about religion? -“that Christianity, like almost all forms of superstition, made men weaker and more resigned, and that the point was not to await some reward in the sky but to fight for one’s rights on earth” • Who commits sin?

11. Magical Realism:

12. Examples from the novel? “ ‘one of these days we are going to kill ourselves in this damned machine’ ”—Nivea pointing at the automobile The way Rosa the Beautiful is described. OR Barrabas: the unbelievable gigantic dog ( or is a dog?) AND wow! Uncle Marcos didn’t die in his flying apparatus! Blanca thinking that mummies are alive and walking around the house.

13. Realism: Does Allende Use Realism in her work?

14. Conservatism: The tendency to maintain the existing order or tradition rather than accept radical changes. • Who is a conservative? -Esteban Trueba -Esteban Trueba uses the term “Bolshevik” to refer to Communism, Socialism, and Marxism any other doctrine that opposes his own conservative views.

15. Liberalism: The belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. • “Liberal Party will go to hell” – Who said that? Ch.1 • - • Who is a liberal? • - Severo and Nívea del Valle • Nívea is a suffragette, which make her a feminist! • the Liberals in Chile: (and later the Nationals, Radicals, Democrats, and Marxists) took anticlerical positions.

16. Communism: a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people • Pedro Segundo suggested Esteban Trueba to give a little respect and salary instead of slips of pink paper, and too much of a workload. • Esteban scorns communists and believes them to be lazy and stupid. • Bolshevik ideas are degenerate. • Pedro Tercero talked about WWII and concentration camps and socialism to Blanca after he exiled from Trés Marías. (Ch.5)

17. Marxism: The concept of class struggle plays a central role in understanding society's allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society. Esteban Trueba oppresses his workers!

18. Socialism: • Any of various theories or systems of social organization in which the means of producing and distributing goods is owned collectively or by a centralized government that often plans and controls the economy. • Who is a Socialist? Ch.5 • In his youth (about 12), Pedro TerceroGarcía spreads socialist ideas to the workers on the hacienda, and later he becomes a revolutionary and a songwriter. • -Sundays off • -Minimum wage • -Retirement and health plans • -Maternity leave for women • -Election without coercion • -Peasant organization • Pedro Tercero and Jaime are Socialist

19. Social Issues: • Abortion • Censorship • Divorce • Sexism • Immigration • Oppression • Rape • Civil Rights • Corruption