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Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management Gabriele Windgasse, DrPH Columbia University

Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management Gabriele Windgasse, DrPH Columbia University. Municipal Waste Management Source Reduction, Recycling, Reuse “Dual System” in Germany Thermal Treatment. Introduction Legal Foundation in the US Hazardous Waste Management Land Disposal.

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Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management Gabriele Windgasse, DrPH Columbia University

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  1. Hazardous and Municipal Waste ManagementGabriele Windgasse, DrPHColumbia University • Municipal Waste Management • Source Reduction, Recycling, Reuse • “Dual System” in Germany • Thermal Treatment Introduction Legal Foundation in the US Hazardous Waste Management Land Disposal G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  2. Solid Waste Disposal Act (1965) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA, 1976) Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (1984) Federal Laws governing Solid Waste Wastes generated presently: Wastes deposited in the past: • Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA, 1980) • Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA, 1986) G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  3. Legal Definition of Hazardous Waste • Excluded Wastes (i.e. municipal waste, mining waste, agricultural run-off) • Listed Wastes (content or process specific) • EPA Testing Criteria: • Toxicity • Reactivity • Ignitability • Corrosivity G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  4. The National Priority List (NPR) • About 1300 sites • Threat to human health or environment • Groundwater contamination • 1/3 are former landfills • Clean-up takes 10+ years G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  5. NPL Sites in the Tri-State Area EPA - EnviroMapper (Superfund) G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  6. Hierarchy of Waste Management  Prevent the Generation of Waste  Waste Minimization  Recycling, Reuse, Recovery  Treatment, Storage, Disposal G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  7. Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) • Trichloroethylene • common contaminant • density: 1.46 • water solubility: 7ppm • known carcinogen Joint DoD/DoE/EPA Technology Demo: Demonstration Site, Launch Complex 34, Cape Canaveral G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  8. Challenges for the Management of Hazardous Waste • Absence of funds/Superfund Reauthorization Act • Improve Waste Minimization • Health effects of chronic exposures at low concentrations • How Clean Is Clean? • “Technical Infeasibility” • Innovative Cleanup Technologies • Justification of cleanup costs G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

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  11. Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan Recycling, Reuse, Recovery Safe Treatment and Disposal Source Reduction • On-site composting, reuse • eliminate packaging • extend product life • Source separation • Curb-side collection • Off-site composting, reuse, recycling • 55 % landfilled • 17 % thermal treatment G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  12. Germany’s “Dual System” G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  13. Problems with Recycled Materials • Purity is not uniform • Price can fluctuate greatly • Lack of Market Development G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  14. .C.O.N.C.L.U.S.I.O.N.S. • Fact: Resources will go to Landfilling and Thermal Treatment • Goal: Reduce Volume of Waste at the Source G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

  15. G. Windgasse, Hazardous and Municipal Waste Management, Columbia University

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