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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Deviance and Crime. AIDS. obesity. Homosexuality. Deviance Violates significant social norms Relative to societal context Differs in degree of seriousness Behavioral Belief system Condition or characteristic. “To avoid or reduce stigma,

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Deviance and Crime

  2. AIDS obesity Homosexuality • Deviance • Violates significant social norms • Relative to societal context • Differs in degree of seriousness • Behavioral • Belief system • Condition or characteristic

  3. “To avoid or reduce stigma, many people seek to conceal the characteristic or condition that might lead to stigmatization”

  4. Crime • Violation of a law • Punishable with fines, jail time and/or other negative sanctions • Criminology • Juvenile Delinquency • Violation of Law • Commission of status offense (i.e., running away from home)

  5. When sociologists study deviance, they do not judge certain kinds of behavior or people as being “good” or “bad.” • What behaviors are defined as deviant? • Who does the defining? • How and why do people become deviants? • How does society deal with deviants?

  6. Functionalist Perspectives Deviance . . . • clarifies rules • unites a group • promotes social change • civil disobedience However: if too many people violate the norms, everyday existence may become unpredictable, chaotic and even violent.

  7. Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance People feel strained when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving these goals. • Conformity • Innovation • Ritualism • Retreatism • Rebellion

  8. Opportunity Theory • Illegitimate opportunity structures • Criminal Gang • Conflict Gang • Retreatist Gang • Three types of gangs: “[there appears to be] a close association between certain forms of deviance and social class position”

  9. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective • Differential Association Theory • association with deviants influences the likelihood of individuals’ deviant behavior • - differential reinforcement theory Deviant Conventional

  10. Why are some people deviant and some are not ? • Positive self-esteem • Good group cohesion • Inner containments • Outer containments Insulators

  11. Social Bond Theory • the probability of deviant behavior increases when a person’s ties to society are weakened or broken • attachment to other people • commitment to conformity • involvement in conventional activities • belief in the legitimacy of conventional values and norms.

  12. Labeling Theory • deviance is a socially-constructed process • certain people are designated as deviants • they then act accordingly Social control and identity are intertwined • Three stages: • Primary Deviance – initial act of rule-breaking • Secondary Deviance– new identity is accepted; behavior continues • Tertiary Deviance – the behavior is relabeled by the deviant as “normal”

  13. Crime Classification (The Law) • Felonies • Misdemeanors • Uniform Crime Report (UCR) • Index Crimes • murder • rape • robbery • assault • burglary • motor vehicle theft • arson • larceny

  14. Crime Classification (Sociologists) • Conventional (street) crime • Occupational (white collar) and corporate crime • Organized crime • Political crime

  15. Punishment is any action designed to deprive a person of things of value (including liberty) Retribution Rehabilitation change offenders behavior for release back into society punishment should fit the crime Functions of punishment Deterrence Incapicitation people fear punishment so they will follow the law they cannot commit the crime again while incarcerated

  16. Questions?Comments?

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