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Designing P3-Systems using ESM.

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Designing P3-Systems using ESM.

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    1. October 31, 2005 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar 1 Designing P3-Systems using ESM. Chris Leberknight New Jersey Institute of Technology

    2. October 31, 2005 2 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar

    3. October 31, 2005 3 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar Experience Sampling Method Background (ESM) a.k.a. ecological momentary assessment (EMA) Primarily used for time-use studies and preventive medicine measurement studies. Subjects are asked to carry a beeper device that signals on a time-based protocol determined by the researcher. Each time the beeper activates, subjects fill out a survey that typically includes questions asking what the subject was doing and how the subject was feeling at the time of the alarm. Source: http://web.media.mit.edu/~intille/caes/

    4. October 31, 2005 4 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar Four characteristics of traditional ESM/EMA methods [1]. Assess phenomena at the moment they occur Usually involve a substantial number of repeated observations Made in the environments that subjects typically inhabit Dependent upon careful timing of assessments Source: [1] Stone, A.A., Shiffman, S. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) in Behavioral Medicine. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 1994, 16(3): 199-202. 

    5. October 31, 2005 5 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar Standard Sampling Methods. Using standard methods researchers are limited to three types of scheduling formats [2]: Event-contingent Time-contingent Signal-contingent. Source: [2] Wheeler, L., Reis, H.T. Self-Recording of Everyday Life Events: Origins, Types, and Uses. Journal of Personality. 1991, 59: 339-354. Event contingent sampling has previously required the subject to select an interaction time based upon his or her behavior (i.e. the researcher tells the subject, "when event X occurs, record your observations about Y"). Time-contingent sampling consists of simply sampling at predetermined times of the day or week. Signal-contingent sampling is when the device the subject carries can provide an investigator-controlled cue (e.g. beep) indicating that data should be collected and where the cue can be delivered with some pre-determined probability randomly within a given time frame.  Event contingent sampling has previously required the subject to select an interaction time based upon his or her behavior (i.e. the researcher tells the subject, "when event X occurs, record your observations about Y"). Time-contingent sampling consists of simply sampling at predetermined times of the day or week. Signal-contingent sampling is when the device the subject carries can provide an investigator-controlled cue (e.g. beep) indicating that data should be collected and where the cue can be delivered with some pre-determined probability randomly within a given time frame. 

    6. October 31, 2005 6 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar Context-aware experience sampling. Improves upon ESM/EMA by using emerging computational perception and sensing technologies to automatically detect events that can trigger sampling and thereby data collection. Source: http://web.media.mit.edu/~intille/caes/caesindex.htm

    7. October 31, 2005 7 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar P3-Systems Location based community system. Connecting People to People to Places.

    8. October 31, 2005 8 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar Four Factors of P3-Systems People Properties Place Properties People-Place relationships People-People relationships Source: Jones Q., Grandhi S., Terveen L., and Whittaker S., (2004). People-To-People-to-Geographical-Places: The P3 Framework for Location-Based Community Systems. Journal of Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    9. October 31, 2005 9 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar P3-System

    10. October 31, 2005 10 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar Why would we use ESM? Goal of ESM is to maximize the validity of data collected by avoiding or minimizing retrospective recall. Other types of data collection methods don’t help address Retrospective Recall. Basic Paper Surveys Diaries What did you do last Wednesday? Where were you on 10/24/05??

    11. October 31, 2005 11 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar Why would we use ESM? (Cont.) Provide information based on location. Need accurate geotemporal data. Answers where and at what time? Study behavioral and location patterns.

    12. October 31, 2005 12 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar The ESM P3 Study Requirement Analysis to help design P3 System. i.e. Connecting People to People to Places. The pattern and places students visit on campus? Where they would share information and with whom? Which places are sharing places and which are not?

    13. October 31, 2005 13 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar ESM P3 Study (Cont.) Approximately 45-50 students. Signal contingent method. Ipaq, wireless devices. Survey dispatched at different times during the day for 1 week, using C# and wireless communication to Ipaq.

    14. October 31, 2005 14 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar ESM P3 Study Survey. Typical survey questions: Where are you? Is this place important to you? Would you share your presence in this location with anyone? Would you like to know if your friends, classmates, professors, …etc are in the next place you are going?

    15. October 31, 2005 15 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar ESM P3 Study (Cont.) Collect all data from survey and put into SPSS. Analyze SPSS data (frequencies and cross tabulations) Follow up with each subject for a Semi-Structured Interview. Helps to explain what’s in the ESM data and what’s not.

    16. October 31, 2005 16 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar ESM Flow

    17. October 31, 2005 17 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar CampusWiki Wiki allows you to freely create and edit web pages. Enhance collaboration and community building. Provide individuals with default information based on location.

    18. October 31, 2005 18 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar CampusWiki Screen Shot

    19. October 31, 2005 19 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar CampusWiki (Cont.)

    20. October 31, 2005 Chris Leberknight NJIT IS Seminar 20 Questions???

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