1 / 14

Wait, What Happened at the Border ?

Wait, What Happened at the Border ?. By, Josh Wallk Period. 8 Mrs. Granfield. Germany Austria The Ottoman Empire. Who was involved in WW I ? . V.S. Britain France Russia U.S. Ottoman coat of arms. What Happened to the Middle East ?. The Ottoman Empire at its Peak.

berke
Download Presentation

Wait, What Happened at the Border ?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Wait, What Happened at the Border ? By, Josh Wallk Period. 8 Mrs. Granfield

  2. Germany Austria The Ottoman Empire Who was involved in WW I ? V.S. • Britain • France • Russia • U.S. Ottoman coat of arms

  3. What Happened to the Middle East ? The Ottoman Empire at its Peak • The Ottoman Empire was broken up into a number of new countries in the Middle East. • New nations were crossed over existing cultural, tribal, and religious boundaries. • The League of Nations was formed from the allies to oversee the Ottoman Empire. • Rulers were appointed by the League of Nations in each of the new nations. • Many of the Middles East nations had oil, which would be controlled by foreign nations. • The imperial order that held these countries together for so long was replaced by independent nations.

  4. How did the borders change ? Middle East Maps Before & After WW1 • Turkey became an independent nation (forcing the Kurds and Assyrians into Iraq…resulting in conflict). • Iraq was formed as a new country (combining opposing factions from Sunnis, Shiites, & Kurds). • Jordan, Palestine, Jewish homeland, West Bank, and Gaza Strip were formed. • Syria came under French rule and Lebanon was carved out from Syria (which never sat well). • Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar also developed their own independency. • Britain, France, & Russia extended their rule over many of these new countries.

  5. Why were these border changes made ? Cartoon showing League of Nations • The allies wanted to carve up the Ottoman territories to prevent future wars. • Nations wanted to become independent in the early 20th century. • The League of Nations wanted to oversee the former Ottoman Empire. • Europeans wanted to reduce Islam’s ability to control the region. • The British had promised Arabs independence. • Britain announced support for the Jewish people in Palestine.

  6. Why were these border changes made ? Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points • Britain made a secret agreement with France to divide up the Ottoman territory between them. • The Europeans wanted to maintain and expand their colonies. • Europe & France wanted to get access to oil in the middle east. • Woodrow Wilson (U.S. President) wanted to help countries become more independent (14 Points).

  7. What new territories were made ? Post WW1 Map showing new countries • Britain created Iraq (a new country) by putting together pieces from Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul. • The land east of the Jordan river was carved out for Palestine (which included Israel, Jordan, the West Bank, and Gaza Strip). • Syria became a territory under France • France later carved out Lebanon from Syria. • Kuwait (originally part Basra) was later placed under the control of Britain

  8. What was the impact of these changes ? Angry Palestinians • The collapse of the imperial order led to turmoil, which continues even now. • The British had installed a king (an outsider) to oversee Iraq and maintain peace between the Shiites, Sunnis, and Kurds. • The creation of a Jewish home in Palestine was met with anger from Arab leaders. • Syria was opposed to the creation of Lebanon. • Middle East did not welcome Foreign powers opposing their will. • The “West” has become a symbol for the anger and conflict which continues to plague the Middle East.

  9. What has happened since then ? Cartoon showing Israel at the center of conflict • Discovery of oil in the middle East led to exploitation by the foreign powers in the Middle East. • Religious and ethnic differences led to repeated conflicts within these new territories and between them. • Iraq’s king (installed by the British) was overthrown in 1958. • Jordan was granted independence in 1946. • Israel became an independent state in 1948, which led to numerous Arab and Israeli wars. • Lebanon gained independence in 1943 from Syria and conflicts between Christians and Muslims resulted in a 15 year civil war.

  10. Could these problems been prevented ? Cartoon showing how the League of Nations was a failure • Possibly if the British and French had not created that secret agreement. • Some of the problems could have been avoided if the Europeans did not attempt to colonize these territories. • Britain’s support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine may not have been avoidable. • Yes, if the league of nations had not installed their own rulers throughout the Middle East. • Possibly if the league of nations had been more sensitive to the religious, ethnic, and tribal differences in the region. • Possibly not because they broke up an age old imperial order into new groups of people and territories.

  11. Where is the Middle East today ? Chart showing Oil Reserves by Country • Iraq was recently invaded by the United States and is still in transition to a new government. • The west bank, which is under Israeli control (as a result of the 1960 war with Egypt), is at the center of conflict between the Israelis and the Palestinians. • Kuwait was liberated in 1961, invaded by Iraq in 1990, and liberated by the U.S. in 1991. • The oil rich Arab countries provide most of the oil imports for the U.S., Britain and France. • Syria and Lebanon continue to be at odds. • Lebanon continues to exist on the brink of civil war between the Sunnis and Shiites.

  12. What can we learn from history ? WW1 Cemetery • Conquering nations need to be very careful about decisions they make when redrawing boundaries. • Western countries need to understand the history and cultures in the Middle East. • Allies in victory need to work together in an open way instead of following their own agendas. • The nations at war need to be careful about any commitments they make which could come back to haunt them after the war is over. • Conquering nations should resist the temptation to colonize and control other nations. • After a war, allies should focus on creating lasting peace.

  13. Bibliography • "BBC - History - World Wars: The Middle East during World War One." BBC - Homepage. Web. 18 Mar. 2011. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/middle_east_01.shtml>. • Roberts, Sam. "The New York Times Upfront | The News Magazine for High School." Teaching Resources, Children's Book Recommendations, and Student Activities | Scholastic.com. Web. 18 Mar. 2011. <http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/upfront/features/index.asp?article=f011507_TP_mideast>. • Maps of War ::: Visual History of War, Religion, and Government. Web. 18 Mar. 2011. <http://www.mapsofwar.com/>. 

  14. Bibliography • Country Studies. Web. 18 Mar. 2011. <http://countrystudies.us/>. • Hickman, Kennedy. "World War 1 - World War 1 History Middle East." Military History - Warfare through the Ages - Battles and Conflicts - Weapons of War - Military Leaders in History. Web. 18 Mar. 2011. <http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/worldwarioverview/a/wwiglobal.htm>. • "Global Connections . Historic Political Borders of the Middle East | PBS." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 18 Mar. 2011. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/maps/pol.html>.

More Related