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NOMENCLATURE

NOMENCLATURE. OF IONIC. COMPOUNDS. By John Weide with modifications by Ken Costello. Compounds are two or more elements that are held together by opposite charge attraction. IONIC COMPOUNDS. 8 (+) 10 (-) -2 Charge. Oxygen-8. Magnesium-12. 12 (+) 10 (-) +2 Charge. Metal. Non-metal.

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NOMENCLATURE

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  1. NOMENCLATURE OF IONIC COMPOUNDS By John Weide with modifications by Ken Costello

  2. Compounds are two or more elements that are held together by opposite charge attraction. IONIC COMPOUNDS 8 (+)10 (-)-2 Charge Oxygen-8 Magnesium-12 12 (+)10 (-)+2 Charge Metal Non-metal

  3. Metals combine with non-metals Metals loose electrons to non-metals They then attract because their charges will be opposite. Metals

  4. Negative Ions (single atoms) -2 -1 -3 Most of the negative ions have a set negative charge

  5. -1 +1 -2 -3 +3 +2 +1 +2

  6. POLYATOMIC IONS (charged building blocks)Polyatomic ions are mostly made of two non-metals. Ions with -1 charge perbromate BrO4-1 bromate BrO3-1 bromite BrO2-1 hypobromite BrO-1 perchlorate ClO4-1 chlorate ClO3-1 chlorite ClO2-1 hypochlorite ClO-1 periodate IO4-1 iodate IO3-1 iodite IO2-1 hypoiodite IO-1 nitrate NO3-1 nitrite NO2-1 hydroxide OH-1 cyanide CN-1 acetate C2H3O2-1 Permanganate MnO4-1 bicarbonate HCO3-1 Ions with a -2 Charge carbonate CO3-2 sulfate SO4-2 sulfite SO3-2 chromate CrO4-2 dichromate Cr2O7-2 oxalate C2O4-2 Ions with a -3 Charge phosphate PO4-3 phosphite PO3-3 arsenate AsO4-3 Ions with +1 charge ammonium ion NH4+1

  7. These polyatomic ions match the charge of the single element -1 Ions with -1 charge perbromate BrO4-1 bromate BrO3-1 bromite BrO2-1 hypobromite BrO-1 perchlorate ClO4-1 chlorate ClO3-1 chlorite ClO2-1 hypochlorite ClO-1 periodate IO4-1 iodate IO3-1 iodite IO2-1 hypoiodite IO-1

  8. These polyatomic ions match the charge of the single element Ions with a -2 Charge sulfate SO4-2sulfite SO3-2 Ions with a -3 Charge phosphate PO4-3 phosphite PO3-3 -3 -2

  9. Elements with Fixed Oxidation Numbers Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr +1 +2 +3 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 7A 8A 1A H H He 3A 4A 5A 6A 2A Li Be B C N O F Ne Click on element to see its oxidation number(s) Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Ce Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Rh Hs Mt Next Slide

  10. Examples #1- Formulas to Names 1. Write the names of the ions = 0 -2 CuSO3 2. Determine the charge of the positive ion Cu +2 SO3 x X + (- 2) = 0 I’m a polyatomic ion You must know the charge on the sulfite ion is -2 The sum of the positive and negative charges must equal zero +2 +2 X = +2 copper sulfite (II) Final Name Next

  11. Examples #2- Formulas to Names 1. Write the names of the ions KMnO4 I’m a polyatomic ion potassium permanganate Final Name If the positive ion has a fixed charge, you are finished.

  12. Examples #3- Formulas to Names 1. Write the names of the ions 2. Determine the charge of the positive ion NH4NO3 I’m a polyatomic ion ammonium nitrate Final Name If the positive ion has a fixed charge, you are finished.

  13. Examples #4- Formulas to Names 1. Write the names of the ions 2. Determine the charge of the positive ion SnF2 X = +2 X + 2(-1) = 0 Snx (F-1)2= 0 tin fluoride (II) Final Name

  14. Examples #5- Formulas to Names 1. Write the names of the ions 2. Determine the charge of the positive ion Ba(ClO4)2 I’m a polyatomic ion barium perchlorate Final Name If the positive ion has a fixed charge, you are finished.

  15. Examples #6- Formulas to Names 1. Write the names of the ions 2. Determine the charge of the positive ion Cu2S X = +1 2X + (-2) = 0 2Cux(S)-2= 0 I’m not a polyatomic ion copper sulfide (I) Final Name

  16. Examples #7- Formulas to Names 1. Write the names of the ions 2. Determine the charge of the positive ion Na2Cr2O7 X = +1 2X + (-2) = 0 2(Nax)(Cr2O7)-2= 0 I’m a polyatomic ion sodium dichromate (I) If the positive ion has a fixed charge, it is not shown Final Name

  17. Examples #10- Formulas to Names 1. Write the names of the ions 2. Determine the charge of the positive ion LiCN I’m a polyatomic ion lithium cyanide If the positive ion has a fixed charge, you are finished. Final Name

  18. Writing Ionic Formulas • It is easier to write the formula of an ionic compound from its name than the reverse. • The oxidation number of the negative ion must be memorized in all cases. Refer to the table of polyatomic ions.

  19. Practice Problems By now you should have an idea of what is expected when naming covalent binary compounds using prefixes. In order to master this naming system you need to practice until you feel proficient in naming compounds using prefixes.

  20. Practice Problem #1 Fe(NO3)3 Choose the correct name for the compound 1. Iron trinitrate No, you do not use prefixes 2. iron(I) nitrate No, you have the wrong oxidation number 3. iron(III) nitrite No, you need to review polyatomic ions 4. iron(III) nitrate Very good, click arrow to continue 5. none of the above No, there is a correct answer nextproblem Periodic Chart Polyatomic Ions

  21. Practice Problem #2 sodium chlorite Choose the correct formula for the compound 1. NaCl No, you need to review prefixes 2.NaClO No, you need to review prefixes Very good, click arrow to continue 3. NaClO2 No, you have several errors 4. Na(ClO)2 No, there is a correct answer 5. none of the above nextproblem Prefixes Periodic Chart

  22. POLYATOMIC IONS Ions with -1 charge perbromate BrO4-1 bromate BrO3-1 bromite BrO2-1 hypobromite BrO-1 perchlorate ClO4-1 chlorate ClO3-1 chlorite ClO2-1 hypochlorite ClO-1 periodate IO4-1 iodate IO3-1 iodite IO2-1 hypoiodite IO-1 nitrate NO3-1 nitrite NO2-1 hydroxide OH-1 cyanide CN-1 thiocyanate SCN-1 acetate C2H3O2-1 Permanganate MnO4-1 bicarbonate HCO3-1 Ions with a -2 Charge carbonate CO3-2 phthalate C8H4O4-2 sulfate SO4-2 sulfite SO3-2 chromate CrO4-2 dichromate Cr2O7-2 oxalate C2O4-2 peroxide O2-2 Ions with a -3 Charge phosphate PO4-3 phosphite PO3-3 arsenate AsO4-3 Ions with +1 charge ammonium ion NH4+1 return

  23. Oxidation Numbers (most common) +2 +2 +1 +3 +2 +4 0 -4 -3 -2 -1 +1 +2 +3 1A 7A 8A H H He 3A 4A 5A 6A 2A Li Be B C N O F Ne Click on element to see its oxidation number(s) Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Ce Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Rh Hs Mt Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu return Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

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