Socio-economic research – Progress update and Future p lans

1. Socio-economic research – Progress update and Future plans Ekin Birol, Manager, Impact and Policy

2. Aims of socio-economic studies • To inform efficient, effective and targeted crop development and delivery strategies • To measure the impact of delivery strategies in terms of adoption, diffusion and improvement in health status

3. Portfolio of socio-economic studies • Completed/ongoing study • Varietal adoption study • Planned studies for 2012 • Value (supply) chain study • Consumer acceptance study • Impact assessment study • Pricing experiment

4. Varietal adoption study • Aims • To understand the current “picture” of bean production and varietal choice • Current bean varietal adoption/diversification • Farmers’ preferences for various production and consumption traits • Farmers’ sources of information and seed • Household, market, agronomic factors that affect varietal adoption • Method • Structured farm household survey of representative sample of rural households

5. Study design Sampling • All 5 provinces • All 30 Districts • 77 sectors • ≈ 180 villages • 1321 households Two (three) cropping Seasons Feb-March 2011

6. Bean cultivation – by region & type • 85% of all rural households grew beans in both season A and B • 57% of farmers grew multiple varieties

7. Top 10 varieties

8. Importance of traits in varietal choice • For Rwanda • Most important traits are yield, market demand and taste • Nutrition is not rated highly • Differences in valuation of traits across provinces • Market demand – Eastern • Nutrition – Kigali and Eastern • Ability to withstand draught – Eastern & Southern • Ability to withstand rainfall – Northern

9. Planting material sources • 85% of farmers used saved planting material from the previous season Original planting material sources for recyclers Sources of planting material for purchasers

10. When to deliver planting material – season A

11. Information sources 88% social networks

12. Bean consumption and sales • A great majority of bean output (90%) is used for home consumption • Households consume beans 6 days a week 76% sold in the market 79% sold to traders

13. Role of women in bean production “In Rwanda women are the bean specialists”

14. Implications for development & delivery • Preliminary analysis results show… • Multiplicity of varieties within & across fields • Most important traits – variation across provinces • District level delivery schedule • Most farmers don’t buy planting material annually • Social networks important sources of information • Role of women in bean production • Further analysis/study needed • to identify the variety names collected • to understand factors that affect varietal choice and the segments in the market

15. Portfolio of socio-economic studies • Completed/ongoing study • Varietal adoption study • Planned studies for 2012 • Value (supply) chain study • Consumer acceptance study • Impact assessment study • Pricing experiment

16. Value chain study • Aims • To map of the bean seed and grain value chains • To understand the constraints and facilitating factors • To identify the main bean seed/grain attributes value chain actors look for • To understand high iron varieties’ marketability and price • Methods • Focus group discussions and key informant interviews (Eastern and Northern) • Timeline • June - September 2012

17. Consumer acceptance study • Aims • To understand consumers’ sensory evaluation and valuation (willingness to pay) for high iron varieties • To understand the impact of information consumer acceptance • Methods • Food sciences – sensory evaluation (tasting) • Economics – eliciting willingness to pay surveys • Timeline • September 2012 – March 2013

18. Impact assessment study • Aims • To measure the adoption and consumption of high iron varieties • To get feedback from high-iron bean growing farm households about various traits • Method • Collect a full list (i.e., census) of farmers who have bought high-iron bean seed • Randomly sample households from to interview • Timeline • Census was collected during delivery (February 2012) and survey will be conducted following harvest (September 2012)

19. Pricing experiment • Aim • To understand the demand for high-iron bean seed and to ascertain the optimal price to charge • Method • Work with farmers and seed vendors before the planting season • Do a short baseline survey and give farmers discount vouchers (0%-100%) • Follow up survey to understand the use of vouchers • Timeline • August 2012 –March 2013

20. Socio-economic studies in Rwanda

21. Murakoze!! Merci beaucoup!! Thank you!!

22. Bean area • For climbing smallest areas (total and per variety) in North and West and the largest in South and Kigali • For bush smallest areas (total and per variety) are in North and West and the largest in South and East

23. Outline • Overall aim of socio-economic studies • Portfolio of socio-economic studies in Rwanda • Overview of the portfolio • For each study • Aims • Methods • Timeline

24. Some household characteristics

25. Impact evaluation study • Aims • To understand the nutrition impact • To understand what kind of delivery strategies work the best, are most cost-effectives and should be scaled up • Method • Randomisedcontrol trials: some communities will get seed (treatment) and some will not (control) • Baseline survey, intervention and endline survey • Timeline/location • When the full target varieties become available • Country TBD