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India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C. – A.D. 550

CHAPTER. 7. QUIT. India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C. – A.D. 550. Chapter Overview. Time Line. First Empires of India. 1. SECTION. MAP. Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture. 2. SECTION. Han Emperors in China. 3. SECTION. GRAPH. Visual Summary. CHAPTER. 7.

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India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C. – A.D. 550

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  1. CHAPTER 7 QUIT India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C.–A.D. 550 Chapter Overview Time Line First Empires of India 1 SECTION MAP Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture 2 SECTION Han Emperors in China 3 SECTION GRAPH Visual Summary

  2. CHAPTER 7 Chapter Overview HOME India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C.–A.D. 550 Empires in both India and China establish powerful dynasties and develop strong, vibrant cultures. Invaders in India introduce new customs and knowledge to Indian society. In China, conquered peoples are made part of Chinese culture through marriage and education. Ruling styles and cultural advances vary in each empire.

  3. CHAPTER 7 HOME India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C.–A.D. 550 Time Line 321 B.C.Chandragupta Maurya founds Mauryan Empire. A.D. 65Buddhism takes root in China. A.D. 220Han Dynasty falls. 300 B.C. A.D. 550 A.D. 320Gupta Empire forms in India and encourages a renewal of Hindu faith. 202 B.C.Liu Bang establishes China’s Han Dynasty. A.D. 105Chinese invent paper.

  4. 1 HOME First Empires of India MAP Key Idea Both the Mauryan and Gupta empires temporarily unify India. During part of the Mauryan Empire, government policies are based on Buddhist teachings of nonviolence and tolerance. Indian culture thrives during the Gupta Empire. Overview Assessment

  5. 1 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME First Empires of India MAP Overview •Mauryan Empire •Asoka •religious toleration •Tamil •Gupta Empire •patriarchal •matriarchal WHY IT MATTERS NOW The Mauryas and the Guptas established Indian empires, but neither unified India permanently. The diversity of peoples, cultures, beliefs, and languages in India continues to pose challenges to Indian unity today. Assessment

  6. 1 1 Section Assessment Mauryan Empire Only Gupta Empire Only HOME First Empires of India MAP 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare the Mauryan and Gupta empires. Both Chandragupta used spies, Asoka followed teachings of Buddha. Unified through force, required high taxes, lasted for about 100 years Defeated the Shakas, period of great cultural achievements, invaded by Hunas continued . . .

  7. 1 HOME First Empires of India MAP 1 Section Assessment 2. Which of the Indian rulers described in this section would you rather live under? Explain your opinion. THINK ABOUT •whether the ruler maintained peace and order—and how •what methods the ruler used to influence his subjects •developments in art and culture during the ruler’s reign ANSWER •Chandragupta Maurya, because he tried to control crime. •Asoka, because he believed in nonviolence and promoted his subjects’ welfare. •Chandra Gupta II, because there was a cultural flowering during his reign. Possible Responses: End of Section 1

  8. 2 HOME Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture Key Idea Changes in Buddhism and Hinduism make these religions more personal and appealing to the masses. India enters a highly productive period in art, literature, science, and mathematics. Through trade, Indian culture spreads to much of Asia. Overview Assessment

  9. 2 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture Overview •Mahayana •Theravada •Brahma •Vishnu •Shiva •Kalidasa • Silk Roads WHY IT MATTERS NOW Indian religions, culture, and science evolved and spread to other regions through trade. The influence of Indian culture and religions is very evident throughout Southeast Asia today. Assessment

  10. 2 2 Section Assessment Indian Culture Religion Literature/Arts Science/Math Trade HOME Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. For each category shown below, list one or more specific developments in Indian culture. Mahayana Buddhism; Hinduism became more personal. Buddhist sculptures; Kalidasa wrote Shakuntala. The decimal system; medical guides. Profited from Silk Roads trade; traded with Rome, Africa, Southeast Asia, Arabia, China continued . . .

  11. 2 HOME Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture 2 Section Assessment 2. What do you think was the most significant effect of the changes in Buddhism and Hinduism? Explain. THINK ABOUT •the effect on people who practiced the religion •the effect on art and culture •the effect on other countries ANSWER •More people were able to take part in popular worship. •Religion inspired art. • Both religions spread to many other countries. Possible Responses: continued . . .

  12. 2 HOME Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture 2 Section Assessment 2. Cite three of the cultures that interacted with India. Explain the result of each cultural interaction. THINK ABOUT •interaction because of trade •the influence of art, science, religion ANSWER •Greeks–Indians learned western timekeeping. •Central Asian nomads–They taught Indians about Silk Roads trade. •Southeast Asia–Indians spread Hinduism, Buddhism, and artistic styles. Possible Responses: End of Section 2

  13. 3 HOME Han Emperors in China GRAPH Key Idea The Han Dynasty unifies China and develops a highly structured, bureaucratic government, which lasts about 400 years. Advances in technology and culture are made, but laws favoring landowners create economic and political instability. Overview Assessment

  14. 3 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Han Emperors in China GRAPH Overview •Han Dynasty •centralized government •civil service •monopoly •assimilation WHY IT MATTERS NOW The Han Dynasty expanded China’s borders and developed a system of government that lasted for centuries. The pattern of a strong central government has remained a permanent part of Chinese life. Assessment

  15. 3 Centralized Government HOME Han Emperors in China GRAPH 3 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the methods that Han rulers used to centralize the government. Required local officials to report to central government Built up bureaucracy Established monopolies in many industries Created civil service, based on exams continued . . .

  16. 3 HOME Han Emperors in China GRAPH 3 Section Assessment 2. What problem do you think was most responsible for weakening the Han Dynasty’s power?THINK ABOUT •problems at court •problems with non-Chinese peoples •economic and social problems ANSWER •The method of choosing an heir, because it led to distracting plots and power plays. •The nomads, because they forced China to levy taxes to maintain a large army. •The distribution of wealth, because poor people kept losing land to the rich, which caused peasant uprisings. Possible Responses: End of Section 3

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