Name of Presenter: Dr. Andy Lewry Date: April 1st 2014

1. Realising energy savings: a practical guide to understanding, specifying and operating building control systems  Name of Presenter: Dr. Andy Lewry Date: April 1st 2014

2. Building Research Establishment A world leading centre of expertise for the construction industry providing: • Research • Consultancy • Information services to customers worldwide

3. Corporate and Management Structure

4. Our Staff… • Over 650 staff • Over 400 professionally qualified • Many national and international experts • An integrated team of professionals …people at the heart of our business

5. BRE’s experience in Energy Efficiency • 40 years experience since 1970’s oil crisis • 100 professionals working on all aspects of EE in construction • Developed UK Government’s Best Practice programme • Represent UK on concerted action • Demonstration projects and testing on-site • European and international standard work • Modelling team producing UK Govnt software • Rolled out experiences to several other countries – currently working in the Balkans rolling out the recast EBPD in Croatia, Serbia, FYI Macedonia, Kosovo and BiH - Federation. • Training and CPD courses • Certification schemes to accredit professionals • Certification services

6. Today’s agenda • Why manage energy? • Control systems available • The specification of controls and control systems • Functionality – must be linked to a servicing strategy • Understanding your needs as an end user • “10” key issues to address

7. Why managed Energy? Business drivers • Security of supply • Rising costs • Wastage and good management practice • Green Credentials • Legislation

8. Why managed Energy? Life costs of a building • Energy is 40% of running costs • Need to manage this effectively • Controls are essential • Need a strategy - Demand based control is the most energy efficient

9. Control systems available • Building Management System (BMS) • Building Energy Management System (BEMs) • Demand Control or zone control • Sequencing • Weather compensation • Boiler load optimisation • Occupancy controls • Variable controls • Interlock controls

10. Performance of controls • Can be assessed by BS EN 15232:2012

11. The specification of controls and control systems Building regulations • Underpinned by the advice given in Approved Document L (ADL) or Part L • Standards laid out in the Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide (NDBSCG) • Provides suggested minimum requirements • Controls package for each technology area and application • Proposed that controls meet the requirements of Class C of BS EN 15232:2012 Therefore, basic functionality required to operate a building but not necessarily in the most efficient manner.

12. UK’s Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme (1) • Tax break on investments in certain energy saving equipment • The scheme is underpinned by the Energy Technology List (ETL) - https://etl.decc.gov.uk/etl/site.html • Currently has criteria for: • Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) controls (now Building Environment Zone Controls); • Hot Water Systems Optimising controls (now Heating Management Controllers); • Lighting controls; and • Variable Speed Drives (VSDs).

13. UK’s Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme (2) • Building Environment Zone Controls • Control the environmental conditions (i.e. temperature, ventilation rate and/or air condition) • In individual zones (i.e. rooms or areas) within a building • They can be programmed to maintain these environmental conditions within pre-set limits in a manner that takes into account: • Occupation schedules • Occupation status and/or level of activity in the zone • Environmental conditions, and the specific operating requirements of the zone

14. UK’s Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme (3) Building Environment Zone Controls Covers four categories of products: • Standalone control units • Centralised control units • Packaged control products • ‘Add-on’ control modules

15. UK’s Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme (4) Building Environment Zone Controls • Has in-depth criteria • When all imposed represents good practice • Pre-programmed BEMs would qualify • Falls short of best practice because: • No Summer /winter change over • Requirement for 365 day programming, as defined in BS EN 15500 has been excluded • Probably Class B of BS EN 15232

16. Best practice Functionality – must be linked to a servicing strategy • For example Demand control • Adapts the standard assumption on occupancy and follows actual occupancy patterns • All building services can be controlled to meet peak loads and occupancy levels – in normal operation these conditions rarely occur • Typical occupancy patterns are provided in BS EN 15232 • for a range of building types • it defines classes of energy efficient controls which can obtain that degree of control.

17. Best practice Class C - Standard operational characteristics of buildings

18. Best practice Class A – High energy performance controls systems

19. Indicative savings

20. Pre-programmed BEMs • Stand-alone products • Use a fixed set of functions • Normally expandable, so size is not limited • If installed with sensors, fan speed inverters and dampers they can perform functions such as Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) functions and realise significant savings • Only suited to small installations • the complexity of many HVAC systems and the desire to include several renewable technologies in the mix of primary plant makes use of fixed control functions very limited

21. Energy supply and demand model

22. Best practice - Programmable BEMs • Programmable versus Pre-programmed BEMs • Programmable controllers offer significant energy saving advantages over pre-programmed controllers due to their greater flexibility • Programmable BEMs • Can perform a wide range of control strategies • Offer the ability to control all building systems • Have the ability to maximise the overall energy saving potential • Give flexibility which ensures that as plant is changed / upgraded the control system can be modified to suit • Reduces the chance of the control system becoming redundant by a change in usage or having a short lifetime. • Can be applied to all applications regardless of size • Programming has become easier • Costs are reducing

23. Understanding your needs as an end user • Understanding your business (1) • Business’s objectives over the next 3 to 5 years? • First point in establishing a Servicing and Controls Strategy • Is your business expanding in size? • Will more space be required? • Will additional staff require more heating or cooling? • How will this be monitored or controlled? • Will partition walls be installed to create meeting rooms or offices – how will this impact on the existing HVAC and the current controls • Will operating hours change? • How do you ensure the plant is operating when it needs to? • Can the current controls cope with this? • Can multiple shifts in production be accommodated by your current controls? • What is the plan with your business’s estate? • How long is left on the lease? • Will you be relocating to larger or smaller premises – this will focus your investment case on whether to invest or not.

24. Understanding your needs as an end user • Understanding your business (2) • Does your business have the skill set or expertise to manage and control the building controls? • Do you need pre-programmed controls or programmable controls? • Is senior management committed to reducing energy costs or/and carbon emissions? • If not it may prove difficult to get buy-in at a senior level • Deals with management issues • Understanding your building and estate • What do you have? • Where are they? • Conduct an audit of energy usage • Which areas need controls • What areas need: • Maintenance • Upgrades • Investments • Build business cases

25. Understanding your needs as an end user • Understanding your business (3) • Sustainability and redundancy • Integration • Utilise what is already there • More than one control? • Look after it • Continuous commissioning • Planned maintenance

26. “10” key issues to address • Specification breaking – procurement routes and “Value engineering” • Occupancy patterns – schedules and density • Future proofing – flexibility and upgrades • Links to Monitoring and Targeting (M&T) – optimisation systems • Verification/certification • Commissioning – initial set-up and an on-going process • Training • Maintenance requirements – planned upgrades • Management reporting • Additional functionality – critical services/alarms etc.

27. Conclusion • Controls are a powerful tool • run buildings efficiently • provide the desired environment for the occupants • With technology becoming cheaper and advancing more quickly, control systems need to be: • Flexible • upgradable • have the facility to easily communicate and integrate with other systems • Programmable Building Energy Management System (BEMs) would appear to offer the best solution in trying to achieve all these objectives

28. Questions? Dr Andy Lewry lewrya@bre.co.uk +44 (0)1923 66 4359 Visit http://www.bre.co.uk/page.jsp?id=1790 • Publisher: IHS BRE Press • Publication date: 17 Jan. 2012 • Reference: FB 44 • ISBN: 978-1-84806-235-1