CPD Seminar Date: 06/03/2014 By: Andy Jobling

1. Asbestos Awareness The name "asbestos" comes from the Greek meaning "inextinguishable". CPD Seminar Date: 06/03/2014 By: Andy Jobling

2. Introduction Asbestos Related Diseases: • 4700 deaths in 2011 (the latest year with published data) • 2291 people died from mesothelioma in 2011 and a similar number from asbestos related lung cancer and 429 from asbestosis. • Typically, there can be a 15–60 years gap between first exposure and diagnosis • Deaths are still rising and not expected to peak until 2016 • Asbestos was used in hundreds of different products and buildings from the 1950’s to the mid 1990’s.

3. Deaths still rising…..

4. Deaths still rising…..

5. Who’s at Risk ? The ‘top 20’ mortality rate occupations, in descending order of rate, are: • Carpenters and joiners • Plumbers; heating and ventilating engineers • Electricians; electrical fitters • Labourers in other construction trades • Metal plate workers; shipwrights; riveters • Pipe fitters • Construction operatives • Managers in construction • Construction trades • Energy plant operatives • Fire service officers (leading fire officer and below) • Painters and decorators • Sheet metal workers • Metal working production and maintenance fitters • Managers and proprietors in other services • Metal working machine operatives • Stevedores; dockers and slingers • Draughtspersons • Electrical/electronics engineers • Welding trades As can be seen Construction trades constitute almost half of those who suffer the highest risks.

6. What is Asbestos ? • Asbestos is a naturally occurring fibrous material and has been used for about 150 years on a large scale. It is versatile, plentiful and ideal as a fire-proofing and insulation material. But it can be deadly! There are many types of asbestos but only three main types are used commercially, other types are less abundant. Chrysotile (white) Amosite (brown) Crocidolite (blue)

7. Types of Asbestos Chrysotile (White) This is a white fibre asbestos and accounts for 90% of asbestos in products. It is a member of the serpentine group.

8. Types of Asbestos Amosite (Brown or Grey) This is brown/grey in colour and is straight, unlike Chrysotile which is curly. It belongs to the amphibole group.

9. Types of Asbestos Crocidolite (Blue) This is blue, and the fibres are also straight. It is also a member of the amphilbole group.

10. Types of Asbestos Important….. All are dangerous….. blue and brown asbestos are known to be more pernicious than white……. however, as you will need a laboratory to properly identify the different types of asbestos, treat all with equal caution.

11. Why is it dangerous ? • If you inhale asbestos fibres (which are long and thin) they can become lodged in the tissue of your chest and your body’s natural defences may not be able to easily break them down. This can lead to lung diseases (mainly cancers), particularly if you are repeatedly exposed to fibres over a number of years. • If ingested the fibre can cause cancers of the stomach and/or colon. • Generally, asbestos is only a risk if you disturb or damage it and cause fibres to be released into the air. If asbestos containing materials are in good condition and in a position where they are not going to be disturbed or damaged then it is safer to leave them where they are and ensure that the risks are managed.

12. Asbestos Related Diseases Exposure to asbestos has been shown to cause four main diseases: Asbestosis: irreversible scarring of the lungs; Diffuse Pleural Thickening: thickening of the lung lining; Lung cancer: increased incidence of cancer, particularly if you smoke; Mesothelioma: cancer of the lining of the lungs or stomach. Typically, there can be a 15–60 years gap between first exposure and diagnosis. None of these illnesses can be cured – mesothelioma and lung cancer are fatal diseases, often within one year of diagnosis.

13. Where is it normally found ? Asbestos was used in hundreds of different products and buildings from the 1950’s to the late 1990’s. Asbestos cement was used up until 1999 in a variety of different premises and materials. Any building that was constructed or had major refurbishment between the 1950’s and mid 1980’s is likely to contain some type of asbestos containing material. Use of asbestos peaked in the 1960’s and early 1970’s – premises built or refurbished during this time are the most likely to contain some form of asbestos.

14. Extract from MDHS 100 – now replaced by HSG 264 Asbestos in Buildings

15. Extract from HSG 264 Asbestos in Buildings

16. Asbestos in Buildings Sprayed Coatings

17. AIB’s - Asbestos Insulating Boards Asbestos in Buildings

18. Asbestos in Buildings Artex Coating ‘Artex’ produced by Artex Blue Hawk Limited and a range of similar decorative wall and ceiling finishes from other manufacturers used asbestos in their formulations until the late 1980’s.

19. Asbestos in Buildings Asbestos Cement Sheeting

20. ACM’s - Asbestos Containing Materials Asbestos in Buildings

21. Asbestos in Buildings Pipe Lagging

22. Asbestos in Buildings Video – Asbestos in Buildings Speakers: Ross Udall Particle Analysis Malcolm Darvill HSE Tony Dicker Corporation of London

23. Asbestos Surveys This HSE document identifies two types of asbestos survey

24. Asbestos Survey Types • Management: continued use of the building: • normal occupancy/activities and • associated maintenance/installation etc • involve minor intrusive work • Refurbishment/demolition: • includes “minor” refurbishment Surveys can involve combination of sampling and presuming ACMs present

25. The Purpose of the Asbestos Survey SURVEY Refurbishment or Demolition Survey Management Survey Asbestos Register plan/drawing Risk assessment Management plan

26. ‘Management’ Survey Survey all accessible areas (sfarp): • Walls, ceilings, pipes, boilers, cladding • Lift shafts, inside risers, service ducts, above false ceilings, tunnels etc Areas not inspected must be presumed to contain asbestos

27. Asbestos: Managing Maintenance Work Train all staff who may disturb fabric of building Awareness training Before ANY work starts contact coordinator Check Register/plan NO No further action Are ACMs involved? Asbestos Essentials YES Work done in-house Plan work External contractor Trained staff Control of work Clean up Inform early Check asbestos trained Monitor work Check clean up Licensed Contractor?

28. ‘Refurbisment & Demolition’ Survey • Used to locate ALLACMs in ALL area • Structural locations • Break thro walls, ceilings, cladding, partitions etc • Inside cavity walls, ducts and tunnels; under floor tiles • Refurbishment surveys can be small scale/localised • Needed for home improvement programmes • eg new kitchens, bathrooms, electrics, plumbing, windows, roofs etc • involves destructive/aggressive inspection • All work which disturbs fabric of building in areas where Management Survey has not been intrusive

29. ‘Refurbisment & Demolition’ Survey • Will be necessary where refurbishment work is to be carried out • Will vary in size • Can be “localised” • Necessary for home improvement schemes • Management survey is NOT sufficient

30. No Survey What happens if: No Survey Poor Survey Wrong Survey Type Good Survey but not used Exposure for worker Contamination Spread Exposure for others Public anxiety Building closure Clean-up costs Enforcement action Disease Civil action

31. Asbestos Surveys Note this document was replaced in November 2010. This former HSE document identified 3 types of asbestos survey

32. Asbestos Surveys Type 1. Presumptive ‘walk-through’ Asbestos Surveys No longer applicable from Nov 2010, but you may still come across previously prepared surveys. Walk-through asbestos surveys are a rapid, visual assessment of the suspected asbestos installations present on a site. The survey technique relies on the ability of the surveyor to visually identify asbestos and does not include the taking of samples to confirm the presence of asbestos. Hence the surveyor has presumed the presence of asbestos using his / her experience and knowledge of asbestos in buildings. Moreover, all installations and all inaccessible areas shall be assumed to contain asbestos, until it can be proven otherwise by a Type 2 or Type 3 survey. The benefits of this survey technique are that it is very quick and less expensive than other survey types. The disadvantages are that the accuracy of the survey is heavily dependent on the experience and expertise of the surveyor and that the survey will only highlight areas of probable asbestos. The duty is on the surveyor to assume materials contain asbestos, unless he is categorically sure that they do not.

33. Asbestos Surveys Type 2. Standard Sampling Asbestos Survey No longer applicable from Nov 2010, but you may still come across previously prepared surveys. Standard sampling asbestos surveys are the most common form of asbestos survey undertaken. This requires the surveyor, again, to identify any installations on a site that she/he suspects may contain asbestos. These installations are then sampled (may require several samples depending on size and complexity of the suspect installation) and analysis carried out at an UKAS-accredited laboratory. The benefits of this survey technique are that a much more accurate result than the survey is achieved, by confirming where asbestos is present. It will also give additional information on asbestos types / concentrations on which to base an assessment of risk. The disadvantages are that the survey technique requires more time and is therefore more expensive. The survey does not include for breaking into voids or inaccessible areas, and as such the surveyor may miss any asbestos present in such areas.

34. Asbestos Surveys Type 3. Full access Intrusive Asbestos Survey No longer applicable from Nov 2010, but you may still come across previously prepared surveys. Full access intrusive asbestos surveys extend the Type 2 survey to include investigations into reasonably accessible sealed voids and the fabric of the building. This will include breaking through partition walls, ceilings etc. to confirm the presence or absence of asbestos and, normally, this is carried out prior to demolition or major refurbishment works where significant damage to the building will not be a problem.

35. Licensed Removal

36. Licensed Removal 14 Day Notice to HSE before works commence

37. Licensed Removal Airtight enclosure with airlock

38. Asbestos Timeline 1st Century AD   Slaves working in asbestos mines died young. 1857   First asbestos production in the United Kingdom 1880   First asbestos plants set up in the United Kingdom 1898   Asbestos first found to be "evil" by Her Majesties Medical Inspector. A microscope examination showed "glass-lake" and "jagged" particles. 1906   Dr Montague Murray, British physician, diagnoses death of a worker from asbestos disease. 1918  Prudential refuses to sell personal life insurance to asbestos workers . 1930   Merewether and Price, medical and engineering inspectors of factories, place before Parliament a report confirming the epidemic of asbestos disease among British asbestos workers. 1931   The Asbestos Industry Regulations established. These set a "safe" level that allowed one worker in three to get asbestosis after 15-19 years exposure. 1955   Richard Doll publishes evidence that asbestos causes lung cancer, 20 years after the first reports of high levels of lung cancer in asbestos workers. Doll's paper convinces the scientists. Cont’d…..

39. Asbestos Timeline 1960   Professor Chris Wagner produces evidence of the link between asbestos and mesothelioma among South African miners and people living near the mines. 1960   The UK adopts the American "safe" standard of 1938 based on a biased sample in North Carolina. This level allows exposures 15 times the 1969 levels. Up to 1960 63 papers on the hazards of asbestos had been published in the US, the UK and Canada. The 52 independent papers showed asbestos to be a dangerous source of asbestosis and lung cancer; they were largely ignored. The 11 sponsored by industry presented virtually the opposite conclusions. 1968   The British Occupational Hygiene Society offers a safety standard for white asbestos 0.2 fibres/ml. The asbestos industry conducted a single survey at Turner and Newall's Rochdale plant and came up with this level which was incorporated into the 1969 Asbestos Regulations. 1970   The 1969 Asbestos Regulations were introduced. Cont’d…….

40. Asbestos Timeline 1976   The Ombudsman, Sir Alan Marre, revealed the horrors of the massacre at Hebden Bridge. 12% of employees had crippling asbestos diseases. 1982   Yorkshire TV's documentary Alice - a fight for Life was first shown. Richard Peto, then Reader in Cancer Studies, University of Oxford, predicts a total of about 50,000 asbestos-induced deaths in the UK in the next 30 years or so. 1983   The Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations are enacted. 1985   The Asbestos (Prohibition) Regulations were introduced and later amended in 1992. 1987   The Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations are introduced and later amended in 1992. 1999   24th November - last date for installation of asbestos materials.

41. Current Regulations 2006   The Control of Asbestos Regulations consolidate all previous Regulations into one Act.

42. Duty to Manage If you own, occupy, manage or have responsibilities for premises which may contain asbestos, you will either have: ■ a legal duty to manage the risk from this material; or ■ a duty to co-operate with whoever manages that risk. Regulation 4 became law 21 May 2004. Regulation 4 of the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002 created a then new legal duty to manage asbestos in non-domestic premises. (now Reg 4 of 2006 Regulations)

43. Manage maintenance work Asbestos: Duty to Manage Overview immediate Appointed Person (and deputy) Find out if ACMs present Check plans/drawings Survey Record: Asbestos Register plan/drawing NO Record YES Check condition No further action Is it liable to be disturbed? Who can be exposed? Prioritise Risk assessment ACMs in good condition Management plan - training - management of contractors; - any work checked against plan/register; - control of work itself: - ‘asbestos essentials’ - compliance with CAR Monitor Damaged ACMs Maintenance work Manage Repair/remove

44. Duty to Manage

45. ADDRESS: DATE: Format for Asbestos Register

46. Duty to Manage i.e. Asbestos Register

47. Duty to Manage

48. Duty to Manage

49. Duty to Manage

50. Treat Asbestos with Respect Remember: • 4700 deaths in 2011 (the latest year with published data) • Typically, there can be a 15–60 years gap between first exposure and diagnosis • Deaths are still rising and not expected to peak until 2016 • Asbestos was used in hundreds of different products and buildings from the 1950’s to the mid 1990’s. • Carry out a Risk Assessment before visiting any site/building.