Major Periods Geometric Period 900-700 BCE Orientalizing Period 700-600 BCE

1. Major Periods • Geometric Period 900-700 BCE • Orientalizing Period 700-600 BCE • Archaic Period 600-480 BCE Athens has a representative government; every community (deme) had its own assembly and magistrates

2. 4. Classical Period framed by the defeat of the Persians (479 BCE) and the death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE) Early Classical 480-450 BCE destruction of the Persian fleet in the Straits of Salamis, 479 BCE 5th Century Classical 450-400 BCE • Pericles rebuilds the Acropolis; he dies in 429 BCE • Sparta dominated the Peloponnese and much of the rest of mainland Greece; • Athens dominated the Aegean and became a wealthy and influential center of a maritime empire • The series of conflicts between Sparta and Athens became known as the Peloponnesian Wars (641-445 BCE)

3. 4. Classical Period (continued) framed by the defeat of the Persians (479 BCE) and the death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE) 4th Century Classical 400-330 BCE Alexander the Great died in 323 BCE at the age of 32 5. Hellenistic Period 320-21 BCE Cleopatra died in 30 BCE

4. Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy c. 550 BCE

5. Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy c. 550 BCE Doric order (an early version) columns with fluted shafts, but without bases, rest directly on the stylobate

6. Siphnian Treasury, Delphic. 530-525 BCE

7. Kallikrates and Iktinos Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens 447-428 BCE 5th Century Classical

8. Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens 447-428 BCE Athena Parthenosthe cult figure of Athena

9. Temple of Athena Nike Athens, c. 425 BCE

10. Tholos Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, Delphi c. 400 BCE

11. The Ionic order has a frieze and a base as well as a different capital. The proportions of the Ionic order are more elongated.

12. Porch of the Maidens Erechtheion Acropolis, Athens 421-405 BCE

13. Porch of the Maidens Erechtheion Acropolis, Athens 421-405 BCE

14. Frieze from the Parthenon (interior Ionic frieze), c. 438-32 B.C.E. What does this idealized body signal to the viewer?Notice the contrast between the rider and the horse: what do you notice? What idea is being communicated? What seems to be missing?

15. Dying Warriorpediment sculptureTemple of Aphaia, Aegina c. 480 BCEmarble, 6 feet Archaic Period

16. Centaur and Lapith Parthenon, metope reliefc. 440’s BCE This sculpture from the Parthenon shows a Centaur rearing triumphantly over a dying human Lapith. This focus on human suffering epitomizes the intense humanism of Greek art. The sculpture also represents Greece's struggle to resist being absorbed into the Persian Empire. The Greeks had a strong notion of their own identity and regarded the Persians as barbarians like the Centaurs. The Parthenon was completed in 432 BCE on the site of an earlier unfinished temple destroyed by the Persians.http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/9DWj8vP7RSmAqiuIbW4X8w

17. AnavysosKouros c. 525 BCE Archaic Period

18. Kritian Boy480 BCE Early Classical

19. Kritian Boy480 BCE

20. PolykleitosSpear Bearer (Doryphoros)c. 450-440 BCE a marble copyheight: 6’6” 5th Century Classical

21. Warrior Ac. 460-480 BCE Early Classical

22. Myron The Discus thrower a Roman copy after the original bronze of c. 450 BCE marble height: 5’1” 5th Century Classical

23. Praxiteles Hermes and the Infant Dionysos

24. Dying Gallic TrumpeterRoman Copy after the original bronze of c. 220 BCE Hellenistic Period

25. Dying Gallic Trumpeter

26. Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athanadoros of Rhodes Laocoon and His Sons marble height: 8’ ca. 200 BC Hellenistic Period

27. Alexander the Great left: head from a Hellenistic copy, possibly after a 4th century original by Lysippos right: 4-drachman coin issued by Lysimachos of Thrace

28. Coin with head of Alexander This coin was issued by Lysimachus, the former general of Alexander the Great. After Alexander's death, Lysimachus ruled part of Alexander's empire in Bulgaria, northern Greece and Turkey known as 'Thrace'. Lysimachus used Alexander's portrait on his coins to emphasize his position as Alexander's successor. Alexander was worshipped as a god after his death. Here he sports the ram's horns of the god, Zeus Ammon, whom Egyptian priests claimed was Alexander's father. On the reverse of the coin is the goddess Athena. Alexander was born in the kingdom of Macedon in 356 BCE. By the age of 25 he had conquered Greece, Egypt and Persia, creating an empire spanning 2 million square miles. Following his death in 323 BCE, Alexander's generals began to squabble over his legacy. Since they could not claim a blood-tie, these generals tried to legitimize their rule through other connections with Alexander. Eventually they divided the empire into three main kingdoms in Macedon, Egypt and Persia and went on to form powerful dynasties.http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/uw_cy8iCRxSgI9I-rbVadg

30. Praxiteles Aphrodite of Knidos height: 6’8” original marble of c. 350 BCE 4th Century Classical

31. Aphrodite of Melosor Venus de Milo c. 150 BCE Hellenistic Period

32. Nike (Victory) Adjusting Her Sandals fragment of a relief decoration Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Athens Last quarter of the 5th century BCE

33. Nike (Victory) of Samothrace from the sanctuary of the Great Gods, Samothrace c. 190 BCE This work was probably created to commemorate an important naval victory –perhaps the Rhodian triumph over the Seleucid king Antiochus III in 190 BCE; was originally positioned on the prow of a ship.

34. Nike (Victory) of Samothrace c. 190 BCE

35. Funerary vasec. 750 BCE Geometric Period

36. Panathenaic amphoraca. 530 BCE ArchaicTerracotta Panathenaic amphoraca. 525-500 BCE ArchaicTerracotta

37. The Suicide of Ajaxc. 540 BCE

38. Death of Sarpedonc. 515 BCE

39. Artemis Slaying Actaeonc. 470 BCE