National Innovation System Complexity, driving force, and efficiency

1. National Innovation System Complexity, driving force, and efficiency Jinghai LI Chinese Academy of Sciences AAAS-CAST Workshop on Ethics Education in Science April 27, 2009, San Diego

2. National Innovation system --- complixity

3. National Innovation System(NIS): Industrial R&D Society Economy Product Service Knowledge Technology Profit S&T COMMUNITY INDUSTRY MARKET marketing transfer evaluation Tax revenue GOVERNMENT

4. Common Pattern of NIS Society Profit Knowledge feedback S&T community Industry Market Government Driving forces Fluxes Environment Complex System

5. Complexity of ethics in science Complicated interactions Diversity of activities Mulitplicity of dominants Global issue Global solution

6. Quest of truth Respect of innovation Use of rigorous method Universal principle Spirit Moral Responsibility Honesty & credibility Trust and questioning Mutual respect Openness This workshop Social Ethical Legal 6

7. National Innovation system --- driving forces

8. Investment Demand Talents Economy Society Humankind Physical Spiritual Legal Spirit Moral Motivation Driving forces Policy Laws Regulations

9. Indifference to scientific spirit Vocationalization Economy Society Humankind Science & Technology Development Reputation Responsibility Positive Negative

10. National Innovation system --- efficiency

11. 1550 rejected, 81% η1 Sponsors 193no output, 52% 124not used,70% η2 Scientific community η3 Industry 369 Projects η4 Market 176 Products Techniques 24/17, failure 52 Market 11 Successes η1·η2·η3 ·η4=0.6% Efficiencies of NIS: 1919 Proposals Modified from Arthur Ruf

12. National Innovation System: Industrial R&D Society Economy Product Service Knowledge Technique Profit h4 h3 h2 S&T COMMUNITY MARKET INDUSTRY Tax revenue marketing evaluation h1 transfer GOVERNMENT

13. Innovation Capability Proposal h1 Government Project × Evaluation Research h2 × Research Achievement × Total Efficiency Transfer Product h3 × Enterprise Market × Marketing Competition h4 Market Success ＝ Secondary Efficiency Primary Efficiency ×

14. Innovation capability --Who is responsible ? Investment Mechanism • Government • Industry • Market Motivation Efficiency • Scientific community

15. National Innovation system --- responsibility resolution

16. Scientific Community

17. 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Evolution of Science Complex systems DNA Elementary particle Big Bang Continental drift model Von Neumann model Dependence between Scales MICRO: Quantum MEGA: Relativity Meso-scale Two extremum Spectrum of scales

18. Whether or not the current knowledge organization match Technology development ? Economy/society needs ? Potential !! 2. How to optimize R&D in a specific field, such as energy ?

19. Re-mapping the spectrum of Knowledge &Technology Time Scientific Facilities Interdisciplinary Frontiers Space Sciences Energy Space Astro- Sciences Multi-Scale Earth, Space & Oceanic Sciences Process Nano- Molecular Information Atom Materials Basic Laws Mathematics System Science Factory Mega-City Reactors Particles Clusters Atoms Molecules Nano-structure Resources & Marine Sciences Human Health & Medicine Ecology & Environment Sustainable Agriculture Industrial BioTechnology

20. Mapping the Energy Science & Technology Combustion Gasification Liquefaction Coal, Oil, Gas Conversion Biomass Production Mass Heat Wind Water Renewable Ken. Mech. Mech. Elec. Chem. Gasification / Process Biomass Heat, Electricity Hydrogen Catalysis Solar Synthesis Material Catalyst System Material EnergyInnovation System Solar-based Scientific Problem Hydrogen, Fuel cell New energy Separation Common Technologies Coal-based Machinery Machinery Hydrate Material Process System BioTech Fuel cell Heat Mech. Mech. Elec. System Industry Building Traffic Living Material Machinery Electricity System Energy Saving Mech. Kin. Material System Fusion (ITER, IFE) Nuclear energy Extract Waste Fuel Fission Operating Reactor Equipment Product featured S & T featured

21. Funding Mechanisms: Mass Fossil Heat Chem. Renewable Energy Gasification / Catalysis Process Synthesis Material New energy Separation Scientific Problem Energy System Common Technologies Machinery Machinery BioTech Energy Saving Mech. Heat System Mech. Elec. Kin. Mech. Nuclear energy Material System Fundamental Research Project Program S&T-Oriented Solution-Oriented

22. Integrating Resources: Nuclear Wind Biomass Solar Fossil Saving Bio- Process Materials Systematic Manufacture

23. In addition to asking for investment • Re-construct knowledge system • Match between Research, • Nature & Society • Stick to the scientific spirit

24. Government In addition to investment, what is critical?

25. Industrial R&D Society Economy Product Service Knowledge Technique Profit h4 h3 h2 S&T COMMUNITY INDUSTRY MARKET transfer marketing evaluation h1 Tax revenue GOVERNMENT Principle: Motivation Driving force

26. Conclusions

27. Driving Forces ? Fluxes Dominants Environment

28. Flux=k* Driving forces Complexity in NIS Responsibility Flux=f (Driving forces) Ethics!! nonlinear Optimization Complex system Investment

29. Thanks for your attention !