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Societal Impact of RFID & the Packaging Industry

Societal Impact of RFID & the Packaging Industry. by: Craig K. Harmon, President & CEO, Q.E.D. Systems. 2008-10-08. Craig K. Harmon • President & CEO Q.E.D. Systems . Chair, ISO TC 122/104 JWG - Supply Chain Applications of RFID Chair, RFID Experts Group (REG) Founder, JTC 1/SC 31

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Societal Impact of RFID & the Packaging Industry

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  1. Societal Impact of RFID & the Packaging Industry by: Craig K. Harmon, President & CEO, Q.E.D. Systems 2008-10-08

  2. Craig K. Harmon • President & CEOQ.E.D. Systems • Chair, ISO TC 122/104 JWG - Supply Chain Applications of RFID • Chair, RFID Experts Group (REG) • Founder, JTC 1/SC 31 • Chair, ISO TC 122/WG 4 (Shipping Labels) & ISO TC 122/WG 7 (Product Packaging) • Vice-chair, ASC MH 10 and U.S. TAG to ISO TC 122 (Packaging) • Chair, JTC 1/SC 31/WG 6 - Mobile Item Identification and Management • Senior Project Editor ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 (RFID) • Project Editor, ISO 18185-5 (Electronic Container Seal - Physical Layer) • Joint Automotive Industry Forum (JAIF) JAMA/JAPIA/AIAG/ODETTE) – Returnable Transport Items • AIAG Bar Code, Applications, 2D, Tire, Returnables, & RFID Committees • Member, EPCglobal HAG (UHFGen2), FMCG BAG, HLS BAG, SAG, TLS, TDS, AIWG, SBAC • JTC 1 & TC 104 Liaison Officer to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-R & ITU-T) • ISO TC 104 & 122 (Freight Containers / Packaging) Liaison Officer to JTC 1/SC 31 • Past Chair, U.S. TAG to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 (RFID) • Past Chair, ASC INCITS T6 (RFID) - ANS INCITS 256:1999, 2001 • Advisor and Member of USPS Strategic Technology Council • Chairman & Project Editor, ANS MH10.8.2 (Data Application Identifiers) • Original Project Editor, NATO STANAG 2233 (RFID for NATO Asset Tracking) • Vocabulary Rapporteur to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31, ISO/IEC 19762 - Harmonized vocabulary • CompTIA RFID Subject Matter Expert and RFID Certified Professional (CRCP) - RFID+ • Recipient of the 2004 Richard Dilling Award This presentation posted at: http://www.autoid.org/presentations/presentations.htm

  3. RFID Ubiquity is Not Imminent • RFID has some great opportunities in the future. It is simply not going to occur in the short term and may not ultimately look like what is proposed today. • RFID was over-hyped by MIT, EPCglobal, and their stakeholders • Why would a start-up want to fight to supply a commodity • A five-yen tag is neither cost effective nor a viable competitor to bar codes and 2D symbols, e.g. QR Code

  4. RFID Ubiquity is Not Imminent • The ROI that exists for product suppliers when using RFID would, in most cases, be higher with optically readable media • Serialized tracking vs. tracking by product code is a significant paradigm shift in business processes • Serialization can be accomplished with either RFID or optically readable media

  5. The HypeCycle Peak of Inflated Expectations Visibility Plateau of Productivity Q.E.D. Systems’ RFID Today! Gartner 2005 Gartner 2008 • Slope of Enlightenment • Technology Hype Cycle Source: Jackie Fenn, Gartner Group Trough of Disillusionment Technology Trigger Time

  6. Social issue - Privacy • Privacy & Convenience are much akin to Freedom & Safety, where each are at polar ends of a continuum. One cannot have both complete freedom and maximized safety, just as one cannot have complete privacy and maximized convenience. • The issue of privacy must become an issue of Personally Identifiable Information (PII), not of the technology • Credit cards and mobile telephones are far easier to inappropriately accessPersonally Identifiable Information (PII).

  7. Social issue – PrivacyWhat Can We Do? • Provide packaging that reflects its content; if there is an embedded RFID tag, signal its presence with the RFID Emblem. • Follow government and industry discussions regarding disclosure Generic Emblem 18000-6C - 17366

  8. Social issue - Security • Security has been explained in ISO/IEC TR 24729-4 (DTR ballot closes 2008-10-19) and standardization is being proposed in a New Work Item Proposal (as yet an unnumbered work item) submitted by the National Body of Austria

  9. Social issue - Security • Risks include: • Confidentiality • “Preserving authorized restrictions on information access and disclosure, including means for protecting personal privacy and proprietary information…” [FISMA, 44 U.S.C., Sec. 3542] • A loss of confidentiality is the unauthorized disclosure of information. • Integrity • Guarding against improper information modification or destruction, and includes ensuring informationnon-repudiation and authenticity…” [44 U.S.C., Sec. 3542] • A loss of integrity is the unauthorized modification or destruction of information.

  10. Social issue - Security • Risks include: • Availability • “Ensuring timely and reliable access to and use of information…” [44 U.S.C., SEC. 3542] • A loss of availability is the disruption of access to or use of information or an information system. • Authentication • Ensuring that a tag’s data can only be accessed by authorized individuals/systems.

  11. Social issue - Security • Threats include: • Skimming data • Eavesdropping • Spoofing • Cloning • Data tampering • Insertion of executable code or virus • Denial of access or service • Unauthorized killing of tag • Jamming or shielding

  12. Social issue - Security • Countermeasures include: • Wafer programming (true WORM) • ISO Tag ID verification • License plate • Memory lock • Password protection • Authentication • Cloaking • Encryption • Limitation of read distance

  13. A Scenario for Password Distribution Authorities Server (Departure) Digital Signature Server (Arrival) ⑦Key Transmission (Push) IPsec XML/EDI IPSec XML/EDI DB ③Signature Req ④Signature Res ⑭Verification Res ①Tag ID Req Reader A IPsec ②Tag ID Res RF tag ⑬Verification Req ⑤ePP Req ⑨Tag ID Req Reader B IPsec ⑥ePP Res ⑩Tag ID Res RF tag ⑧Shipping ⑪Tag Req ⑫Tag Res

  14. Social issue - SecurityWhat Can We Do? • Remain aware of which technologies provide which levels of security. • Prior to implementing RFID security for any customer, ensure that they know what they are doing with security. • At this moment, a simple method of security is not available. • Follow legal and technical developments

  15. Social issue - Recycling • An enabler of tracking • Home Electronics Recycling Law (Japan) • Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive in the European Union (WEEE) • Extended Producer Responsibility Program (EPRP) in Korea • End of Life Vehicle (ELV) in the European Union • Home Electronics Recycling Law (HERL) in Japan • Waste Framework Directive (Directive 2006/12/EC) • Requirements to kill tags where substantial benefit inures after the sale of the productshould be resisted

  16. Social issue - Recycling • Contribution to the waste stream • Original MIT conservative estimate of number of tags: 500,000,000,000 (500 billion) • Size of 3 mm by 3 mm by 0.5 mm • Official soccer field filled with RF tags 5 meters high • Mixed review on packaging industry sectors • Corrugate, no apparent concern — comes out in “fur-ball” • Aluminum, no apparent concern — comes out in slag • Plastic, some concern • Glass, strong concern

  17. Social issue - RecyclingWhat Can We Do? • Consider waste stream in the design of packaging where RFID is attached or embedded. • Participate in packaging industry initiatives to understand the technology, its capabilities and its limitations

  18. Social issue - Health • Three Test Protocol suites have been identified • Suite 1: RF interference and the susceptibility of medical device (implantables and wearables), • Suite 2: RF interference and clinical instrument susceptibility • Suite 3: The effects of RF on pharmaceuticals, biologics, blood products, human physiology, etc. • These Test Protocols initially will focus on the 11 different ISO/IEC standards for RFID and RTLS and will also explore IEEE 802.11.

  19. Social issue - Health • Test Protocols to be developed in support of existing ISO and IEC standards • Test Protocols to be submitted to the U.S. FDA for approval • Certification will commence approximately six months from the inauguration of the project • Universities will work with manufacturers of medical devices, clinical instruments, and RF emitters to take the necessary steps to permit electromagnetic compatibility • Those devices certified as benign to a health care setting will be promoted

  20. Social issue - Health • Three prestigious universities trifurcating the work effort • Suite 1: Georgia Tech Research Institute • Suite 2: University of Pittsburgh • Suite 3: University of Texas at Arlington • RF emitter manufacturers loan systems that rotating among the universities; may secure certification with university • Medical device manufacturer’s may secure certification with university

  21. Social issue - Standards • To permit interoperability of RFID tags in supply chain applications, a series of standards have been developed • Technology: ISO/IEC 18000-6C and ISO/IEC 18000-3m3 • Data: AFI, EPC, GS1, MH10 • Conformance: ISO/IEC 18047-6 and ISO/IEC 18047-3, IEC 60601-1-2 • Application: ISO TC 122

  22. ISO TC 122Packaging

  23. The Layers of Logistic Units (Optically Readable Media - ORM) Layer 5ISO TC 204 (None)ISO TC 8 (None)AIAG B-15 Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train) Layer 4ISO 6346 (OCR)(Freight containers) Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container) Layer 3ISO 15394(Returnable transport items)ANS MH10.8.1GS1 Gen Spec (GRAI) Unit Load “Pallet” Unit Load “Pallet” Layer 2 ISO 15394(Transport units)ANS MH10.8.1GS1 Gen Spec (SSCC) Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Layer 1 ISO 22742(Product packaging)ANS MH10.8.6GS1 Gen Spec (GTIN) Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Layer 0 ISO 28219(Product tagging)ANS MH10.8.7GS1 Gen Spec (GTIN) Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item

  24. ISO TC 122 Project Status • ISO 21067,Packaging — Vocabulary • Standard Published 2007-06-28 • ISO 15394,Packaging — Bar code and two-dimensional symbols for shipping, transport and receiving labels (Revision of ISO 15394:2000) • DIS ballot approved 2007-08-09, no negatives, recommended to publication • ISO 22742,Packaging — Linear bar code and two-dimensional symbols for product packaging • Standard Published 2004-12-05 • Periodic review underway – 2008-07-13 – No substantive changes • ISO 28219,Packaging — Labelling and direct product marking with linear bar code and two-dimensional symbols • FDIS Voting 2008-09-24 to 2008-11-24

  25. ISO TC 122/104Joint Working Group (JWG)(Supply chain applications of RFID)

  26. The Layers of Logistic Units (Radio Frequency Identification Layer 5 Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train) Layer 4 (433 MHz)ISO 17363(Freight containers) Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container) Layer 3 (860-960 MHz)(Other 18000 with TPA) ISO 17364(Returnable transport items) Unit Load “Pallet” Unit Load “Pallet” Layer 2 (860-960 MHz)(Other 18000 with TPA) ISO 17365(Transport units) Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Layer 1 (860-960 MHz with TPA)(13.56 MHz with TPA)ISO 17366(Product packaging) Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Layer 0 (860-960 MHz with TPA)(13.56 MHz with TPA)ISO 17367(Product tagging) Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item “TPA” - Trading Partner Agreement Concept Source: Akira Shibata, DENSO-Wave Corporation

  27. ISO TC 122/104 JWG Project Status (2007-07-10) • ISO 17363,Supply chain applications of RFID - Freight containers • International Standard published • ISO 17364,Supply chain applications of RFID - Returnable transport items • DIS approved registered for FDIS ballot • ISO 17365,Supply chain applications of RFID - Transport units • DIS approved registered for FDIS ballot • ISO 17366.2,Supply chain applications of RFID - Product packaging • International Standard under publication • ISO 17367.2,Supply chain applications of RFID - Product tagging • International Standard under publication Issues ISO/IEC 18000-3m3 - EPCglobal interference in ISO process 18000-6C - EPCglobal assignment of bit indication of HazMat 17364-17367- Not expected for publication until early 2009

  28. ???

  29. Thank you!!! Craig K. Harmon, President & CEO Q.E.D. Systems 3963 Highlands Lane, SE Cedar Rapids, IA 52403-2140 USA (V): +1 319/364-0212 (M): +1 319/533-8092 (E): craig.harmon@qed.org (U): http://www.autoid.org

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