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The Muscular System

The Muscular System. MUSCULAR SYSTEMS. The muscular system is the tissues in the body responsible for _______ ______________________ There are three types of muscles: - ___________ - ___________ - ___________ … all of which have unique properties. MUSCULAR SYSTEMS.

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The Muscular System

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  1. The Muscular System

  2. MUSCULAR SYSTEMS The muscular system is the tissues in the body responsible for _______ ______________________ There are three types of muscles: - ___________ - ___________ - ___________ …all of which have unique properties.

  3. MUSCULAR SYSTEMS -______________: Is controlled by a person (_________), usually attaches to the skeleton, under a microscope the cells appear striped or___________ ie – ________________

  4. MUSCULAR SYSTEMS -_____________: is not controlled by a person (___________), this type of muscle is formed where unconscious movement occurs, under a microscope, the tissue appears _____________ Ie - _______________ ___________________

  5. MUSCULAR SYSTEMS -___________: This type of muscle if found in the heart, it has __________ but not under a person’s control _____________. It is directed by the automatic nervous system

  6. MUSCLE SHAPES All muscles are made up of fibers but their shape and function will vary. The most common are: ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

  7. MUSCLE SHAPES __________– In this type of muscle, the fibers run with the axis of muscle. These types of muscle are strap-like. ie - ____________

  8. MUSCLE SHAPES • ___________– A central tendon runs the length of muscle with short fibers running off it, can have one wing _______or two wings _____________. ie - _____________ ________________

  9. MUSCLE SHAPES ____________: Has a broad origin and fibers convergent toward a single tendon, triangular in shape. ie - _____________ ________________

  10. MUSCLE SHAPES __________: Fibers form a circle at muscles found around external body openings. ie – _____________

  11. MUSCLE SHAPES IN THE BODY…

  12. MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS Muscles fibers are attached to bone by a tough fibrous tissue known as a________. The two attachments of a muscle are given different names. In the limbs, the proximal attachment is known as the __________ and the distal attachment is known as the__________. Origin is usually a more widespread attachment while insertion is usually closer to the joint and is compact (localized). A muscle or joint will usually move towards the origin.

  13. MUSCLE TERMS ________________: A muscle that bears the responsibility for affecting a particular movement, also called agonist. ________________: A muscle that opposes or reverses the action of another muscle. Agonist and antagonist work in opposition when one works and the other relaxes. ________________: A muscle that aids the prime mover.

  14. MUSCLE NAMES The names of muscles can be very useful in telling us about some of its characteristics. Things we can learn from names include; -____________ of muscle ie - Intercostal = ribs -_________ of muscles ie - Deltoid = triangle -__________ of muscles ie - Maximus, minimus -___________ of muscle fiber ie - Rectus = straight - ___________ie - Bicep = two origins, tricep = three origins -_________________ie - Sternocleidomastoid -_______________ of the muscle ie - Flexor carpi ulnaris

  15. MOVEMENT IN MUSCLES Muscles have the ability to make a wide variety of different movements: -Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension -Dorsiflexion, Plantar Flexion -Supination, Pronation -Inversion, Eversion -Rotation, Circumduction -Abduction, Adduction -Elevation, Depression -Protraction, Retraction

  16. MOVEMENT IN MUSCLES __________: increase or decrease the joint angle produced by articulating joints __________: Movement that increases the joint angle on an anterior posterior plane _____________: Extension of a joint beyond the anatomical position

  17. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS _____________: Upward bending of the foot backwad at the ankle _______________: Downward bending (extension) of the foot at ankle joint

  18. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS ______________: Movement away from midline of the body _______________: Movement towards midline of body

  19. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS ________________: Movement of a bone around its own axis ________________: Movement at a synovial joint describing a cone-shaped figure, where the distal end of a bone moves in a circle, while proximal end remains stationary

  20. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS • ____________: Assuming the supine position, turning wrists so palms are upward • ______________: Assuming prone position, turning wrists so palms are downward

  21. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS _____________: Turning bottom of feet (soles) inward _____________: Turning bottom of feet (soles) outward

  22. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS _____________: To draw forward _____________: To draw backward

  23. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS _____________: An upward movement ______________: A downward movement

  24. MUSCLES OF THE NECK Name:_________________ Description: Two-headed muscle located on anterior lateral side of the neck Origin: ___________ of the sternum and medial portion of the clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of the__________________ Action: Primary _________ of the head, rotation from one side to the other

  25. MUSCLES OF THE NECK Name: _________________ Description: Broad, superficial muscle extending from upper thoracic vertebrae to the skull Origin: ______________ of vertebrae (C7 – T6) Insertion; Mastoid process of temporal and occipital bone for capitis transverse process (C2 – C4) Action: Primary __________ of the head

  26. MUSCLES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN • There are a group of three muscles called the erector spinae muscles - _____________ (ilium, ribs) - _____________ (longest) - _____________ (spine)

  27. MUSCLES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN Name: _____________ (ilium, ribs) Description: Most lateral group of muscles, extend from pelvis to neck Origin / Insertion: Attachments are formed on the processes and spines of vertebrae Action: ____________ of vertebral column

  28. MUSCLES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN Name: _____________ (longest) Description: Intermediate group of muscles that extend from lumbar region to skull Origin: At transverse processes of vertebrae Insertion: Base of the skull Action: ___________ of vertebral column

  29. MUSCLES OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN Name:___________ (spine) Description: Most medial muscle of back Origin / Insertion: Attachments at spines of vertebrae Action: ___________ of vertebral column

  30. MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN Four paired flat muscles, very important in support and the protection of abdominal organs. They play a vital role in vertebral flexion and extension. - ________________ - ________________ - ________________ - ________________

  31. MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN Name: _____________ (straight, abdomen) Description: Medial superficial muscle that runs straight Origin: Pubic crest of hip Insertion: ___________ and lower ribs Action: _________ and rotation of lumbar region

  32. MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN Name: _____________ Description: Deepest muscle, runs straight across Origin: Tendon at vertebrae Insertion: Tendon at front of stomach Action: ___________ of the abdomen

  33. MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN Name: _____________ (outside and runs at an angle) Description: Largest and most superficial of lateral muscle fibers and runs down and medially Origin: Ribs Insertion: Pubic region Action: Aid in ________ of vertebral column, in ____________and _______________

  34. MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN Name: _____________ Description: Fan muscle, runs upward and forward at a right angle to external oblique Origin: Illiac crest Insertion: Ribs Action: Same as external oblique

  35. BREATHING MUSCLES There are three muscles primarily involved in respiration: - ______________ - ______________ - ______________

  36. BREATHING MUSCLES Name: _______________ Description: Is a thin but strong fibromuscular partition separating the thorax from the abdominal cavity Origin: Attached behind the vertebral column and the sides and front to costal cartilages and in front to the ___________________ Insertion: Converge on a central tendon at the center of the body Action: On contraction, diaphragm _________________________. This increases the volume of the thoracic area and draws air into the lungs

  37. BREATHING MUSCLES Name: _____________ Description: Is a layer of muscle on the outside of the thoracic cage, fibers run in an up/down direction Origin / Insertion: Muscles unite adjacent ribs Action: They _________ the ribs and assist in the _____________ process

  38. BREATHING MUSCLES Name: _____________ (inside ribs) Description: Muscle lies in between ribs and runs at right angles to muscles of external intercostals Origin/Insertion: Muscle unites adjacent ribs Action: ___________ the rib cage and aids in ______________

  39. THORACIC MUSCLES Muscles of the shoulder area affecting the scapula: - _________________ - _________________ - _________________ - _________________

  40. THORACIC MUSCLES Name: _______________ (saw) Description: Lies deep to scapula near ribs at front of body Origin: A saw tooth appearance on ribs Insertion: Anterior surface at vertebral border of scapula Action: _______________ scapula against chest wall, rotates scapula (pushing, punching muscles)

  41. THORACIC MUSCLES Name: _______________ (irregular 4-sided) Description: Most superficial muscle of posterior thorax, fibers run in three directions (up, across and down) Origin: Occipital bone and vertebrae Insertion: Acromion and spine of scapula Action: _______________ _____________________ scapula

  42. THORACIC MUSCLES Name: _____________ (diamond-shaped) Description: Thick straplike muscle, located at back and side of the neck below trapezius Origin: Spinous process of vertebrae Insertion: Medial border of scapula Action: _____________ scapula

  43. THORACIC MUSCLES Name: _______________ (raises scapula) Description: Thick strap-like muscle located under trapezius (found on back side of neck) Origin: Transverse process of top vertebrae Insertion: Superior vertebral border of scapula Action: -_____________ scapula

  44. MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER • These include: - _______________ - _______________ - _______________

  45. MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER Name: _______________ (breast large) Description: Large fan shaped muscle covering upper portion of chest Origin: Clavicle, sternum and ribs Insertion: Fibers converge on greater tubercle of humerus Action: Prime mover of ___________________ ______________________________________

  46. MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER Name: _______________ (widest back) Description: Broad, flat triangular muscles of lower back Origin: Indirect attachment to spines of lower vertebrae Insertion: Attaches to proximal end of the humerus Action: Prime mover of ___________________ ___________________

  47. MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER Name: _______________ (triangular) Description: Thick muscle forming round mass over the shoulder Origin: Lateral part of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action: Prime mover of __________________ __________________ of humerus

  48. ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES These include 4 muscles: • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ - _________________ (separate muscle from the group)

  49. ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES Name: _____________ (under scapula) Description: Forms part of posterior walls of scapula Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus Action: Chief ________ ___________________ helps _______ head of humerus in glenoid cavity

  50. ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES Name: _____________ (above spine) Description: Located above spine on posterior side of scapula Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: _____________ shoulder joint

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