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INTRODUCTION TO PORT DESIGN

INTRODUCTION TO PORT DESIGN. Importance of Ports to Alaska. Port – Definition. A location for transfer of cargo between ships and shore. A port normally includes docks, uplands and infrastructure necessary for commercial activity. Small Boat Harbor - Definition.

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INTRODUCTION TO PORT DESIGN

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO PORT DESIGN

  2. Importance of Ports to Alaska

  3. Port – Definition • A location for transfer of cargo between ships and shore. • A port normally includes docks, uplands and infrastructure necessary for commercial activity.

  4. Small Boat Harbor - Definition • A location for permanent or temporary moorage of small unattended vessels. • Moorings normally consist of floating docks protected by a breakwater. • Vessel size in small boat harbors generally vary from about 18 foot skiffs up to about 150 foot commercial fishing boats.

  5. Example Port – Anchorage, Ak. One mile

  6. Anchorage Example Port Long Beach, Ca. 1 mile

  7. Port Characteristics • Normally Accommodates vessels ranging from about 150 feet to over 900 feet. • Dock structures are generally fixed (not floating) and vessels are attended at all times. (Note: Areas of high tidal ranges require constant attention to mooring lines or use self tensioning winches). • Port Design includes Dock structures, uplands, and associated infrastructure. • May or may not include a protective Breakwater.

  8. PIER • Good for Access to Deep Water • Vessels Can Be Moored on Two or More Sides • Limited Weight Capacity (pile supported) • Limited Working Space • Commonly Used for Fuel Transfer & Light Cargo

  9. WHARF • Moorage Parallel to Shore. Docking on Only One Side • More Robust Than Piers. Good for Heavy Duty Transfer of Cargo – (E.G. Containers) • Normally Constructed Close to Shore Where Depths Increase Rapidly

  10. Combined Pier/WharfPort of Anchorage

  11. Combined Pier/WharfPort of Anchorage

  12. Fuel TransferPort of Rotterdam

  13. Design ConsiderationsPhysical Site Conditions • Winds • Waves • Currents • Ice • Sedimentation • Soils (foundations) • Water Depths • Available Uplands • Access • Environmental Impacts • Other

  14. Design Considerations Structural • Size and displacement tonnage (weight) of ship . . . is there tug assist? • What is the impact energy (fendering) • What are the wind and current loads? • Selection of materials (steel, concrete, wood?) • Other

  15. Six Degrees of Boat Motion(3 rotation and 3 translation) Surge Pitch Heave Roll Yaw Sway

  16. Fendering

  17. ENVIRONMENTALDock Design & Fish Migration Pile supported docks are normally preferred for fish migration; however there may be concern for shading There is concern that vertical faced docks force juvenile salmon into deep water. Sometimes this can be mitigated by hanging material from dock face.

  18. ENVIRONMENTALDock design & Fish migration dock Causeway Breach beach beach

  19. Vertical Datum • MHW (Nautical Chart Uplands) • NGVD (Highways ?) • MSL (Airports ?) • MLLW (Harbors, Marine and Nautical Chart Soundings) Always Show Datum on Plan Sheets

  20. Wave Terminology

  21. Primary concern for port operations Distribution of Ocean Wave Energy Residual Ocean Swell – about 10 to 15 seconds Most Inland Waters about 4 to 6 second design wave 84 SPM

  22. Sea State as most engineers design it

  23. What tools can we use to describe it numerically ?? Typical Sea State

  24. Typical Wave Record (Time Series) Use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to get Frequency Spectra Typical Sea State – How It’s Quantified “Similar to earthquake design for Bridges”

  25. We Develop a Numerical Time Series Representing a design Storm Event In Design we go backwards Starting with a Spectral Model (Usually JONSWAP or SMB)

  26. METEOROLOGY

  27. NOAA Buoys

  28. Note roughly 5 day cycle of storm events March 8 Storm in Gulf

  29. Local Fetches Seward

  30. O Wind Stress Factor (UA ) O Fetch (F) O Water Depth (d) Estimating Wave Height & Period Wave Height (H) Wave Period (T)

  31. Shallow Water Wave Transformation • Refraction • Diffraction • Shoaling • Reflection

  32. Refraction & Diffraction

  33. Dredging and Channel Design

  34. The End The end

  35. Small Boat Harbors • A location for permanent or temporary moorage of small unattended vessels. • Moorings normally consist of floating docks. • The vessel size in harbors generally vary from about 18 foot skiffs up to about 150 foot commercial fishing boats. • Larger boats are more often associated with ports and movement of cargo.

  36. Linear Wave Theory L=5.12 T^2 Fig. 2-6 84 SPM

  37. Meteorology https://www.fnmoc.navy.mil/PUBLIC/WAM/all_npac.html

  38. Requires Iterative Solution Common Equations for Port and Harbor Design Wave Length (Deep Water): When depth(d) > L/2 Deep or Lo= 5.12 T 2 (feet) Wave Length : When depth(d) < L/2 However: Shallow

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