Newton's Laws of Motion & Forces - Understand the Concepts and Applications

1. Newton's Laws of Motion & Forces

2. inertia the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Inertia is a property of matter and does not depend on the position or location of the object. mass a quantitative measure of inertia force “a push or pull”

3. “Law of Inertia” An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted on by a nonzero net force. * OR * The velocity of an object remains constant unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

4. The net force acting on an object is the vector sum of all the forces acting on it. Examples: 8 lb 6 lb 9 lb 8 lb 3 lb 4 lb 8 lb ? 7 lb 7 lb 5 lb 4 lb 4 lb 12 lb If an object is remaining at rest, it is incorrect to assume that there are no forces acting on the object. We can only conclude that the net force on the object is zero.

5. “Law of Acceleration” A net force causes an object to accelerate in the same direction of the net force, and the acceleration is directly Proportionalto the net force and inversely proportional to the object’s mass.

6. Fnet a Fnet = m a = m The SI unit of force is the Newton, named in honor of Isaac Newton. One Newton of force is the amount of net force needed to cause a one kilogram mass to accelerate at a rate of 1 m/s2.

7. Weight a measure of the gravitational force that a massive object, such as a star or planet, puts on another mass F=ma weight=massxacceleration of gravity W=mg An object’s weight on planet Earth inNewtons is equal to itsmass in kilogramstimes9.8 m/s2.

8. Why do all objects with negligible air resistance accelerate toward the Earth at the same rate? How can Newton’s 2nd Law be used to explain how air resistance affects the acceleration of an object in free fall? How does Newton’s 2nd Law relate to what a weight scale would read as you move up and down on an elevator?

9. “Law of Interaction” Short Version “For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” Longer Version When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second exerts a force on the first that is equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction.

10. Newton’s Third Law deals with acting on objects. two forces two different Newton’s Third Law pairs of forces always, sometimes,never cancel each other out. The only way for two forces to cancel each other out is for them to be equal and opposite and act on the same object!

11. How do Newton’s Laws of motion • apply to these situations? • an object rests in your hand • a ball is tossed upward • a car windshield hits a bug • a person sits on a table • a person jumps up from the floor • a baseball bat hits a baseball • a truck and car hit head-on • Others?

12. Friction the force that opposes the motion between two surfaces that are in contact Characteristics 1. Friction acts parallel to the surfaces in contact and in the direction opposite to the motion of the object or to the force tending to produce such motion. 2. Friction depends on the nature of the materials in contact and the smoothness of their surfaces. 3. Sliding friction is less than or equal to starting friction.

13. Bibliography • http://faculty.physics.tamu.edu/ford/PowerPoints/Newton'sLawsOfMotion.ppt