Developing Technologies The Gateway to a Sustainable Energy Future

1. Developing Technologies • The Gateway to a Sustainable Energy Future • CURRENT STATUS AND ISSUES OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DOMAIN IN SRI LANKA ThusithaSugathapala Director General Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 2nd September 2013

2. Content • Sustainable Energy Domain • National Energy Balance • Electricity Sector • Transport Sector • Energy Resources • Future Trends in Electricity Sector • Energy Conservation & Management • Key Challenges / Strengths • Possibilities for TT and R&D

3. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DOMAIN • The Pathway of Sri Lanka • Developing Renewable Energy • Energy Efficiency Improvements, Conservation and Management • Less Energy Intensive Economy (Energy Modesty) A Pathway for Green Economy B C

4. NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE • Primary Energy Supply by Source

5. NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE • Primary Energy Supply by Source in 2011

6. NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE • Energy Consumption by Sector

7. NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE • Energy Consumption by Sector in 2011

8. NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE • Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source in 2011 • Household, Commercial & others Sector • Industrial Sector • Transport Sector

9. ELECTRICITY SECTOR • Gird Electricity – An Overview in 2012 • Installed Capacity Total Capacity 3,316 MW • Hydro 1,357 MW • CEB Thermal 854 MW • PPP Thermal 784 MW • NRE321 MW • Peak Demand 2,146 MW • Electricity Generation • Gross Generation: 11,800 GWh • Hydro 23% • Thermal-Oil 59% • Thermal-Coal 12% • NRE 6% Electrification Level of HHs • Total 94% • National Grid 92% • Off-Grid 2% • Grid Emission Factor • In 2009: 0.6520 t-CO2/MWh • In 2010: 0.6302 t-CO2/MWh • In 2011: 0.7269 t-CO2/MWh • New Renewable Energy

10. ELECTRICITY SECTOR • Total Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant

11. ELECTRICITY SECTOR • Gross Generation by Type of Power Plant

12. ELECTRICITY SECTOR • Gross Generation by Type of Power Plant - 2011

13. ELECTRICITY SECTOR • Consumption by Consumer Category

14. ELECTRICITY SECTOR • Consumption by Consumer Category in 2011

15. ELECTRICITY SECTOR • Consumption by Consumer Category in 2011 Coconut estate and fiber products Garment industry Leather and Rubber, including rubber estates Dessicated coconut industry Metal crushing Metal Industry (iron, aluminium etc) Cement, roofing materials, porcelain Inland transport Electricity generation and distribution Water pumping Property development and large scale building management Tea industry Rice mills Supermarket chains Food industry (including farms and restaurants) Chemical and mining Industries Recreation and sports Hotel industry Non-classified industries Airport and sea ports Packaging industry Other, mainly commercial buildings Nonclassified government organization Mass media Hospitals Education Telecommunication Defence Plastic, polythene, pvc Wood products Financial institutions

16. ELECTRICITY SECTOR • System Load Profile

17. ELECTRICITY SECTOR • Rural Electrification • Solar Home Systems • About 150,000 systems • Hindered the progress due to lack of after-sale services • Village Hydro • About 280 plants catering for 7000 households • About 30 villages received grid electricity • Three pilot projects on feeding to national grid • Pico Hydro • About 2000 systems • Small wind turbines • About 20 plants of capacities 100 – 200 W • Biomass (Dendro-Power) • Biomass Gasifier – IC Engine technology • Few plants installed but not very successful

18. Transport SECTOR • Active Vehicle Fleet - Estimates

19. Transport SECTOR • Active Vehicle Fleet - 2011 • Modal Share • (% Passenger km)

20. ENERGY RESOURCES • Main Categories • Fossil Fuels  Global resources • Renewable (RE) Resources  Indigenous resources • Fossil Fuels • Petroleum Oil • Furnace Oil • Diesel • Kerosene / Aviation Oil • Petrol • Naphtha • LPG • Coal Refined from Imported Crude Oil/ Importation of Refined Oil

21. ENERGY RESOURCES • RE Resources • Conventional RE Resources • New Renewable Energy (NRE) Resources • Conventional RE Resources • Conventional Biomass  Thermal Energy • Large Hydro  Grid Electricity • NRE Resources • Small Hydro • Wind • Solar • Modern Biomass • Biofuels • Geothermal • Ocean Thermal/ Wave/ Tidal Already being harnessed Yet to be harnessed

22. ENERGY RESOURCES • Solar Resource Map Spatial distribution of annual average Global Horizontal Irradiation (kWh/m2/year)

23. ENERGY RESOURCES Spatial distribution of annual average Wind Speeds (m/s) • Wind Resource Map Mannar Region

24. ENERGY RESOURCES • Small Hydro Resource Map Low Medium High

25. Scrub Land ENERGY RESOURCES • Biomass • Biomass potential from dedicated plantation • Availability of Land • Intercropping / under-cropping with other plantations: Coconut, Tea • Homeland (Out growers) • Land for dedicated plantation • Scrub land • Sparsely used cropland • More than 1 million ha • 10 - 20 dry tons/ha/yr

26. ENERGY RESOURCES • Biomass • Biomass potential from dedicated plantation: • Declaration of “Gliricidia” as 4th plantation crop, • Sustainable plantation concepts for not only monoculture farming but also intercropping / under-cropping in agricultural lands.

27. ENERGY RESOURCES • Geothermal • Local resource potential • Ten sites have been identified in preliminary studies • Detailed studies are yet to be carried out

28. ENERGY RESOURCES • Sea Wave • Technologies • Yet to be commercialized • Potential in Sri Lanka • Total potential - 2000 MW • Potential HEZ - 200 MW Low Energy Zone Moderate Energy Zone High Energy Zone

29. FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR • Sri Lanka Energy Demand – Projections • Electricity

30. FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR • CEB Generation Plan – Base Case • Energy Mix (without NRE)

31. FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR • NRE Road Map

32. FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR • NRE Road Map • Progress as at 15th August 2013) • 334 MW, 7% Grid-electricity generation

33. FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR • Off-grid / Rural Electrification • Solar Home Systems • About 30,000 systems • Capacity Range: 20 – 60 W • Village Hydro • About 25 plants catering for 500 households • About 30 villages catering for 500 households • About 50 projects feeding to national grid • Pico Hydro • About 500 systems • Electrification of Remote Islands • Four Wind-Solar-Diesel Hybrid systems catering to 2000 households

34. ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT • Energy Intensity and Industrial Competitiveness • Ability to produce and export manufactured goods competitively Competitive Industrial Performance Index Japan Energy Intensity (ToE per US$ 1000 Manufacturing Value Added) Sri Lanka

35. ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT • Activities of SLSEA Energy Services Awareness Financing Regulations Accreditation of Energy Manager / Energy Auditor Mandatory Energy Auditing / Consumption Data Reporting Sector specific energy efficiency programmes (Hotel, Tea, Water Pumping, Gov. Sector Buildings, …) Provide sophisticated instruments for energy auditing Project formulation and implementation through ESCOs Conduct Training and Awareness Programmes Implementing National Energy Award Sustainable Guarantee Facility ISO50001 Energy Management System Industry Energy Efficient Building Code Commercial Fuel economy standards Transport Introduction of Energy subject to School curricula Energy Labeling of Appliances General Public 35

36. ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT • National Energy Management Plan (EnMAP) • Developed for the 5-year period from 2012 to 2016. • It shall serve as a guide to embark on an integrated and cohesive programme of work with a long term perspective to realize better energy efficiency in all sectors. • Cost: Around LKR 1.2 billion; • Benefits: LKR 135 billion in 5 yrs • Main Activities: • Conducting awareness & training programmes and promoting services • Secure funds • Establishment of Energy Management Cells • Providing Advisory & Counseling services • Promoting ISO 50001 • Introducing Standards & Regulations • Carrying out Research & Development • Establishment of Pilot Projects • Introducing Market Based Instruments • Rewarding of achievements

37. ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT • Other National Programmes • ISO 50001 Certification – Technical assistance and certification jointly with SLSI. • Energy productivity improvement in small and medium institutions – National Productivity Secretariat • Regional Operations (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency – RE3 Zones) – With Provincial / Local governments • Energy efficiency improvement in hospitals – With Ministry of Health • Energy efficiency improvement in tea sector – With Tea Research Institute • Energy efficiency improvement in Hotel sector – With Ceylon Chamber of Commerce (CCC) • Formulation of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) for energy sector – both renewable energy and energy efficiency

38. ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT • Energy Saving Target for 2020 • Technology/Process-wise (Total Saving ~ 2,000 GWh)

39. ENERGY LABELING OF APPLIANCES • CFL • Energy Performance Star Rating: • Mandatory programme in full implementation • More than 80% penetration in households • Annual demand: • CFL – 20 million, • Incandescent - 10 million • Ceiling Fans • Energy Performances: • Star Ratings • about to implement

40. ENERGY LABELING OF APPLIANCES • Electric Motors • Star Rating based on three Energy Efficiency Classes : • Final stage of implementation • Magnetic Ballast • Star Rating - Already developed, will be implemented within 2013 • Other Appliances in consideration • Refrigerators • Air conditioners Efficiency classes – (IE1,IE2,IE3) Rated Energy consumption per hour –(kWh)

41. ENERGY EFFICIENCT BUILDING CODES • A code of practice established to improve energy performance of buildings • Implemented in 2008 for commercial buildings • Now under revision for further improvements • Energy Efficiency Building Guideline for domestic buildings is under development .

42. ACCREDITATION OF ENERGY MANAGER / ENERGY AUDITOR • Implemented with the objective of improving energy efficiency and conservation in industrial & commercial organizations. • Target Group: Any institution whose • Annual Electricity Consumption > 600,000 kWh or • Annual Thermal Energy Consumption > 4500 TOE • The Energy Manager Accreditation Programme has been implemented and about 180 Energy Managers have been appointed • Over 90 have been trained for Energy Auditor Accreditation

43. KEY CHALLENGES • Technological Developments • Lack of expertise / Local capacity • Information Management / gaps • Lack of coordination • Absence of case studies on success stories and demonstration projects • Constraints in national grid in absorbing RE based electricity • Variable / Non-dispatchable generations • Limited options for demand side electrical load management to flatten the load curve • Geographical mismatch of supply and demand • Non-consideration of integrating to non-electrical energy loads (thermal / mechanical)

44. KEY CHALLENGES • Higher costs of NRE • Limited market potentials • Limited local value addition • Lack of R&D • Lack of conducive environment for local manufacture • Lack of funding / financial schemes for project implementation • Transport sector is not properly addressed

45. STRENGTHS • Provisions in the SLSEA Act for both RE and EM interventions • Inherently low energy intensive economy • RE and EM targets for 2020 under national action plan of the Government • 100% electrification target of the Government • Pioneering experience in mini-hydro development • Diverse RE resource – technology – application options • Climatic conditions conducive for solar, biomass, hydro and wind

46. POSSIBILITIES FOR TT and R&D • Railway Electrification / Electric Vehicles • Demand Response through Smart Grid / Intelligent Control • Hydrogen as an Energy Storage Option • Pump Storage / Thermal Storage / Battery Storage • Emerging REs (Geothermal, Ocean Thermal, etc.)

47. SUMMING UP • Special Thanks for NEDO for Sharing Experiences, • Future Collaboration of Key Stakeholders for Sustainable Energy Journey of Sri Lanka.