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Bryophytes: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts - Chapter 16

Explore the fascinating world of bryophytes, including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Learn about their characteristics, life cycles, and ecological importance. True or false questions included.

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Bryophytes: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts - Chapter 16

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  1. What is the name of the group we are studying today and tomorrow? • A) flowering plants • B) fungi • C) bacteria • D) mosses • E) don’t care, where are the snacks?

  2. Bryophytes- Chapter 16 • True or false. • Bryophytes are plants. • Bryophytes grow only in the water, but not on land.

  3. Which of the following is not true of plants? • A) they are mostly autotrophic • B) they are primarily terrestrial • C) they have the same photosynthetic pigments as brown and red algae • D) they are multicellular • E) still don’t care, where is the popcorn?

  4. Kingdom Plantae- embryophytes • Autotrophic (mostly). • Multicellular with advanced tissue differentiation. • Heteromorphic alternation of generations, where the • Diploid phase (sporophyte) includes an embryo. • Haploid phase (gametophyte) produces gametes by mitosis. • Chlorophylls A & B, carotenoids. • Starch stored inside chloroplasts. • Habitat- primarily terrestrial. • Sporopollenin present. • Male and female gametangia present. • Photosynthetic tissues produced by an apical meristem. • Sporangia with a sterile jacket. • Plasmodesmata present. • ~330,000 species.

  5. True or false. • ‘Bryo’ is greek for moss. • Liverworts and hornworts are bryophytes. • The moss sporophyte is nutrionally dependent on the female gametophyte. • Water is not required for fertilization in mosses.

  6. Bryophytes • Bryo- gr. moss. • Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. • Gametophyte dominant. • Sporophyte matrotrophic and short lived (6-16 weeks). • Water required for fertilization. • Sexual reproduction involves antheridia and archegonia. • Biflagellated sperm. • Asexual reproduction by fragmentation and gemmae. • Plasmodesmata present. • Rhizoids in most. • Protonemata in most (not the hornworts). • Stomata or stomata-like structures present. • ~16,000 species.

  7. True or false. • Liverworts because they are shaped like a liver and look glandular were used to treat liver disease in earlier times. • The specimen marked ‘A’ is a leafy liverwort and the one marked ‘B’ a thalloid liverwort. A B

  8. Marchantiophyta- liverworts • Hepato- gr. liver. • Sporophytes without stomata, but have pores. • Specialized conducting tissue absent. • Gametophytes thalloid or leafy. • Rhizoids single celled. • Simplest of all living plants. • Sporangium with dehiscent capsule, elaters present in some to disperse spores. • Most cells contain numerous chloroplasts. • Habitat- moist, some aquatic, temperate and tropical. • 6,000 species. • Examples- Marchantia and Riccia.

  9. Marchantia Antheridia

  10. Marchantia Archegonia

  11. True or false. • Shown below are male gametophytes.

  12. Anthocerotophyta- hornworts • Antho- gr. flower, keras- gr. horn. • Sporophytes with stomata. • Specialized conducting tissue absent. • Gametophytes thalloid. • Rhizoids single celled. • Sporangia dehisce to disperse spores, elater-like structures present. • Most cells contain a single chloroplast. • Sporophyte with basal intercalary meristem. • Habitat- moist temperate and tropical. • 100 species. • Example- Anthoceros

  13. Hornwort sporophytes ___________________. • A) are nutrionally dependent on the female gametophyte • B) are primarily terrestrial • C) lack stomata • D) contain a sporangium • E) all of the above • True or false. • Anthoceros is an example of a true moss (Phylum Bryophyta). • Hornwort gametophytes are thalloid.

  14. Bryophyta- mosses • Sporophytes with stomata. • Specialized conducting tissue- leptoids and nonlignified hydroids. • Gametophytes leafy. • Rhizoids multicellular. • Sporangia with dehiscent capsules. • Most cells with numerous chloroplasts. • Habitat- moist and dry, temperate and tropical, some aquatic. • 9,500 species. • Example- Polytrichum, Sphagnum, Mnium.

  15. “Cushiony” “Feathery”

  16. Three Moss Classes • Bryidae- true mosses, Polytrichum. • Protonema with a single row of cells with slanted cross walls. • Leafy gametophytes develop from minute budlike structures. • Sphagnidae- peat mosses, Sphagnum. • Protonema with plate of cells that is one layer thick. • Gametophytes with clusters of branches, 5 per node. • Explosive capsular operculum. • Adreaeidae- granite mosses, Andreaea. • Protonema with 2 or more rows of cells. • Capsule dehisces by splitting in four. • Rhizoids occur in 2 rows. • Mountainous or arctic regions on rocks.

  17. Moss sporophytes ____________________. • A) are nutrionally dependent on the female gametophyte • B) are aquatic and terrestrial • C) have multicellular rhizoids • D) include Polytrichum, Sphagnum, and Mnium • E) all of the above • True or false. • Moss sporophytes contain stomata. • Moss gametophytes are thalloid and leafy.

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