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Explore the diverse phyla in the animal kingdom, including Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Learn about their characteristics, examples, and habitats.
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1. Phylum Porifera 1. Soft marine animals. 2. Immobile multicellular and heterotrophic 3. Have spicules for protection. 4. Reproduce sexually and asexually. Example: Sponges https://pinegreenwoods.blogspot.com
2. Phylum Cnidaria 1. Aquatic animals most of them are marine. 2. Live single or in colonies. 2. Have no heads but the mouth is surrounded by tentacles. 3. The tentacles contain stinging cells (cnidocytes) for defense and capturing prays. Examples: Hydra, Aurelia, Sea anemone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnidaria
3. Phylum Platyhelminthes 1. Flat worms having head. 2. Their bodies consist of 3 layers (triploblastic). 3. Their bodies are bilaterally symmetrical. 3. Most of them are free living and hermaphrodite. Examples: Planaria, Bilharzia and tapeworms. https://studyres.com
4. Phylum NematodaRound worms 1. Have cylindrical, unsegmented bodies tapering at both ends. 2. Have alimentary canal with two openings, mouth and anus. 3. Unisexual and live in all environments. Examples: Ascaris, Filaria. www.tes.com
5. Phylum AnnelidaRing worms 1. Free living ring worms in the sea, fresh water and muddy soils. Some are parasites. 2. The body is segmented and has chaetae (spine-like) for movement. 3. Some are unisexual, while others are hermophrodite. Examples: Earth worm. http://induced.info/?s=Alitta+succinea+pile+worm++CABIorg
6. Phylum Arthropoda 1. The body is bilaterally symmetrical and segmented. 2. Move by appendages (jointed pieces). 3. The body is covered by exoskeleton. 1. Class Crustacea: prown, crabs, lobster 2. Class Arachnida: spiders, scorpions 3. Class Insecta: flies, mosquitoes, ants, bees. 4. Class Myriapoda: Scolopendra https://onlinesciencenotes.com
7. Phylum Mollusca 1. Live in salt water, fresh water and on land. 2. Have soft unsegmented body. 3. Have external or internal calcareous shell. 4. Have head with sense organs. 5. Have radula for feeding. 6. Unisexual or hermaphrodite. Examples: Snails, oyster, octopus www.slideserve.com
8. Phylum Echinodermata 1. Have unsegmented hard endoskeleton. 2. Some have spines and calcareous plates in the body wall. 3. Have sucker like structures called tube-feet. 4. May be rounded, cylindrical or star-shaped. 5. Reproduce asexually by regeneration and also sexually. Examples: Sea star, sea urchin, sea cucumber https://onlinesciencenotes.com
9. Phylum ChordataSub-phylum Vertebrataa. Class Agnatha 1. Jawless fishes with circular mouth and horny teeth. 2. Have cartilaginous body with no paired fins. 3. Parasitize big fishes sticking to their body and snap the flesh with its rough tongue. Example: Lamprey https://sites.google.com
b. Class Chodrichthyes Have cartilaginous endoskeleton. Have ventral mouth with several rows of teeth. Have no air bladder for floating. Have similar teeth and the gills are not covered by operculum. Sexes are separate and fertilization is internal. Examples: Shark and ray fish https://biodiversityintrobio.wordpress.com
c. Class Osteichthyes Have bony endoskeleton. Have terminal mouth. Have air bladder for floating. The gills are not covered by operculum. Sexes are separate and fertilization is external. Examples: Bolti and Bouri https://www.youtube.com
d. Class Amphibia Cold-blooded animals. Have two pairs of pentadactyl limbs. The body is covered with smooth slimy skin. Sexes are separate and fertilization is external. They lay eggs in water and when they hatch, the embryos breathe with gills then when it grows adult, they breathe with lungs and skin. Examples: frog and salamander https://onlinesciencenotes.com
e. Class Reptilia Cold-blooded animals. Have two pairs of pentadactyl limbs. The body is divided into head, neck, trunk and tail. Sexes are separate and fertilization is internal. They lay eggs with calcareous or skinny shell. The skin is dry and covered with horny plates. They breathe air through lungs. The limbs may be absent and move by creeping Examples: chameleon, lizard, crocodile https://www.thinglink.com
f. Class Aves Warm blooded animals. The body covered with feathers. The fore limbs are modified into wings for flight. The hind limbs are modified to move on land, climbing, swimming or predation. Bones are hollow and light. They breathe by lungs which have air sacs to store air during flight. Sexes are separate and fertilization is internal. They lay eggs and incubate them. Examples: sparrow, hawk, ostrich https://slideplayer.com
g. Class Mammalia1. Sub-class Prototheria They lay eggs and incubate them. When the eggs hatch, they suckle their youngs with milk secreted from mammary glands. They have cloacal opening through which urine, faeces and eggs emerge. Examples: Duck-billed Platypus and spiny ant-eater
2. Sub-class Metatheria They give birth to immature young, so the mother keeps it inside a pouch at the bottom of her abdomen to suckle it from nipples inside the pouch. Example: Kangaroo https://www.studyblue.com
Modern technologies in classification of living organisms • First Scientists used morphology in comparing between living organisms. • Then they used evolutionary relationships. • Then used comparative anatomy. • Nowadays, they started to used DNA sequencing techniques in classification.
Frontiers in Biology • Sponges and Cnidarians are used in Biomedical and pharamaological studies to explore new antibiotic and anticancer from these animals.
