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“Stem cells are undifferentiated cells found in the body which have the ability to continuously divide, self-renew themselves and differentiate into various kinds of cells” (Liu, Yang, He, Gao, 2013). In the body, the stem cell is a repair mechanism. Its job is to replace and repair damaged tissues in the body (NIH,2016). It is called an undifferentiated cell because it can turn into any type of cell. It isn’t a specialized cell. And because of that characteristic it is said to not only be induced to regenerate organs under controlled conditions, but to also have the potential to be used to help cure diseases through the regeneration of cells that the body lacks that causes certain diseases.
What is Regenerative Medicine? Regenerative medicine is a branch of translational research in tissue engineering and molecular biology which deals with the process of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissue or organs to restore or establish normal function.
What is the goal of Regenerative Medicine and what business problem in healthcare does this HIT solution solve. ? The goal of regenerative medicine is to restore structure and function of damaged tissue and organs and to cure injuries and diseases. Currently there is a worldwide organ shortage. The number of people needing organ transplants continues to grow. Tissue replacement can replace damaged cells and cure diseases.
How do HIT Leaders feel about the Solution? • Leaders in the field are pushing for more commercial opportunities and more technology. Many conferences are held to discuss the future of this field. • Currently the market in regenerative medicine is worth 18.9 billion, and is expected to reach 53 billion by 2021 (Kelly,2017).
How do external or governmental factors affect this solution? • Government funding and legislation my affect the use of stem cells in regenerating organs and tissue. Much of the funding comes from private funding. • There are also ethical concerns regarding the use of embryonic stem cells. Some government officials seek to remove government funding. There is also no clear regulations and guidelines regarding the use of stem cells.
What Technology is used?Bioprinters • Bioprinting is computer aided, uses layered deposition of materials such as hyrdrogel and living stem cells. • Used to engineer cartilage and cardiac valves. • One step, 3D living tissue.
What Technology is used?Products of Bioprinting Ear, Finger Bone, and Kidney structure
What Technology is used?Products of Bioprinting Skin created using a 3D printer
What Technology is used? The figure to the right is called the human gut on a chip, a biometric microsystems. They are used to mimic organ functions. This one mimics the intestinal epithelial cells.
What Technology is used? • A Nano system called Magnetic Bifunctional Cell Engagers (MagBICE) is used to deliver stem cells to regenerate healthy heart tissue in patients who suffered a myocardial infarction. MagBice is a iron particle that bonds to the patients own stem cells and damaged heart tissue. • Another system called Blastocyst complementation is also being used to inject embryonic stem cells.
How might we acquire this solution? The patients own cells are used. With the help of scaffolds. Scaffolds are support structures in the body made by cells. One way to acquire this solution is by using the scaffold of unwanted or unused donor organs. By combining it with the patient’s own cells, cells can be regenerated that the body will not reject.
Who are the users and what do they think of this solution? • Users of this would-be people who need a transplant. People who are waiting in line for organs like liver, heart, kidneys and many more.
HOW does it impact a patient? KaitlyneMcnamara
Bladder Regeneration • In 2006 in Haddam Neck, Connecticut a 16-year-old Kaitlyne was born with a birth defect that also affected her bladder. Whenever she drank any liquid it would be too much pressure on her bladder and it would cause her to have accidents or a bladder burst. At that time, there was an experimental procedure at Wake Forest University of North Carolina. They were researching and creating new bladders with the use of stem cells from a patient’s body. Kaitlyne was one of the recipients of a new bladder. They used an extract of intestine and some muscle and bladder cells to make a new bladder. The surgery was a success and it helped Kaitlyne a lot. Especially when it came to her confidence in school. She was made fun of before and she had a tough time at school. But once she stopped having accidents and issues she was a much happier teenager (Smith, 2006).
Status and Value of Organ Regeneration • There hasn’t been a lot of regeneration of organs and it’s still in the beginning stages. The research and the experiments are being done on animals. More money and resources can be put towards this for faster progress and results. Once more successful organs get regenerated then this could be used to save life's. The process seems like something that would be expensive. But when it comes to the delivery of this solution it can be as similar as donor transplants. The process of the regeneration of organs can be made as public information to scientists that would be trained to do this. I think once there is a successful way to manipulate a stem cell to regenerate into the specific organ that’s needed it would be easy to make as many organs as needed.
Organ Transplant Wait List • “Every 30 seconds, a patient dies from diseases that could be treated with tissue replacement” (Video Growing Organs, 2009). There are thousands of people waiting for an organ transplant. On the gift of life donor program websites, it states that “Nationally, there are more than 117,00 people waiting for a much-needed organ. Out of that only half may get the transplant. Out of that the patients that do get the organs the body doesn’t always accept the organ. What if every organ could be regenerated? There would be less dreadful waits. Some people wait years before they can get an organ transplant and live in painful and life-threatening circumstances.
References Growing New Organs. (2009, October). Retrieved July, 2017, from https://www.ted.com/talks/anthony_atala_growing_organs_engineering_tissue Jhon, C., Thomas G., C., & Ke, C. (2015). Magnetically Targeted Stem Cell Delivery for Regenerative Medicine. Journal Of Functional Biomaterials, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp 526-546 (2015), (3), 526. doi:10.3390/jfb6030526 Kelly, D. (2017, May 3). Regenerative Medicine Market to Hit $53 billion by 2021. Retrieved from https://kellysci.com/regenerative-medicine-market-hit-53-billion-2021-will-trump-administration-affect-growth/ Liu, Y., Yang, R., He, Z., & Gao, W. (2013, January 22). Generation of functional organs from stem cells. Retrieved July, 2017, from https://cellregenerationjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-9769-2-1 Smith, S. (2006, April 5). Doctors grow organs from patients' own cells. Retrieved July, 2017, from http://www.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH/conditions/04/03/engineered.organs/index.html Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. (2017, February 02). Retrieved July, 2017, from https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/tissue-engineering-and-regenerative-medicine Understanding the Organ Transplant Waiting List. (n.d.). Retrieved July, 2017, from http://www.donors1.org/patient/waitinglist/
