Moving towards the livable city of the future

1. Moving towards the livable city of the future Francesc Robusté CENIT - BarcelonaTech

2. Sustainable, safe and efficient urban mobility (“intelligent”? If it’s cost/efficient) Economic territory • Seamless door-to-door mobility • “City” is a generic concept • Mayors will likely welcome EU policy on pricing and regulation • Promote and disseminate/share best cases World map where distance = $cost Economic corridors: distortion of physical territory • Common mobility principles for European cities

3. Mutation in urban mobility European cities as a social project of integration • Democratization of the street • Human / convivial cities • Diversity • Integration • Systems approach • Technology (when is useful) • Wifi = one more utility • Still basic constraints: water, energy, emissions, health, safety and security, etc. • Infrastructures  services • Objects  processes • Static  dynamic • Recurrence (commuter, HBM)  singularity • Event  common Integration: a social project IldefonsCerdà “Network Urbanism” “The city of the future…” is the Mediterranean city!

4. What’s the future of urban mobility? What will probably be NOT the future…. Europe, quo vadis?

5. European cities for the people Livable, convivial and efficient cities Collective taxicabs and microbuses Carsharing and shared vehicles WALK TRANSIT CAR Unmanned vehicles

6. ICT is strategic for Europe, but just operational in mobilityWe move atoms with energy, electrons and photons % system imple-menta-tion Strategic Operational Time ITS, smart cities… but do we have brains? Bangemann Report “Europe and the global information society” (Corfu, 1994) Tactical time ”The end of distance”. 10 million teleworks in 2000 ? = Industrial ICT Civil = ? Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas

7. Oops! Forgot the stakeholders’ behavior!Administration, operators, users, citizens Behavioral, economic and operational issues HOV N-VI Madrid

8. Re-enginering urban mobility Re-engineering and systems approachNo epic/bold changes? Re-engineering is radikal! • Innovation is doing things “right” • Intelligence ITS = R+D+i, multidisciplinary cross-fertilization • Known concepts (functional laws, Economy principles) with “new chemistry” (reactives + catalyzers) & boosted with ICT and intelligence • Towards a functional & multi-stakeholder approach to urban mobility

9. Mode promiscuity and convergence (1) Eco-mobility PV Transit Rail bicycle car BRT taxi motorcycle pedestrian bus shared / public commuter rail LRT HOV metro “BiCiNg” carsharing  The extreme converge São Paulo, 2007 LGBT city Barcelona, 2008

10. Personalization vs “coolness” • Dublin • Montpellier • Lyon Can mobility define us? • Paris • Barcelona “Cool!” danger: TOTO: humanbiogas

11. Mode promiscuity and convergence (2)

12. Mode promiscuity and convergence (3)

13. Economic principles (1) €/q(PC) €/q(PT) AC PT AC PC q(PT) q(PC) Tr. cost Land price AC AC Metro PV TC MC Bus Tramway D to CBD Demand Demand Rich Business Poor

14. Economic principles (2) Unit cost (€/km) Averagecost (users) Marginal (social) cost Marginal income (demand) Tax Effect Flow (veh/h) Social equilibriumflow Currentequilibrium Arthur C. Pigou (1912) William S. Vickrey (1969) Nobel PrizeEconomics 1996 Principles of Efficient Congestion Pricing

15. Economic principles (3) Restrictions 1 0 Pricing Mix Singapur (1975) London (2003) Stockholm (2006) Milano (2008) Carlos F. Daganzo (1995) Bogotá (1998)

16. Recipes for Sustainable Urban Mobility… • Public transport interchanges and “city hubs” • Parking regulation and pricing • Road pricing • Traffic restricted areas • Boosting bicycles and walking • More quality in public transport • Flexible supply to fit demand • Logistic platforms for loading and unloading • Tele-working • Carsharing centers • Etc. … and “real” planning as opposed to “false” planning:

17. City planning City planning and economic territory • Concentration • Density • Self-restraint • Anisotropy • Functional design • Flows and urban services • Networks • Pedestrian “islands”: they “work” when the economic flow is maintained (exchange of car flow by people flow to maintain the money flow) Integration vsseggregation The city as a “large building” converges towards “zoning”.... Ildefons Cerdà´s Eixample in Barcelona = social integration project

18. Eco-mobility

19. Netbus: Reinvention and promotion of efficient bus services, competitive with tramways, cars and even metro B b t T M R NB NB Public Transport - Transit • Strategic vs. operational decisions • Flexibility of buses vs. rigidity of railways • Energy: hybrid, gas, KAIST, etc.

20. Traffic • Managed lanes • Traffic congestion regulation • Congestion pricing • Emissions (CO2, PM, NOx) • Urban safety Speed has a price (economic, social, environmental) “Cities can regulate congestion with traffic lights of the XXI century” “Ring roads and roundabouts can reach gridlock state independently of the flow” “A Pareto optimal policy is a mix of charging and rationing” Value pricing (Pigou, Vickrey)

21. European Parliament: Future?

22. “In” and “Outs” for the future What will likely be In and Out in European cities (2050 scenario) • IN • Pedestrians • Bicycles, eBicycles, eBikes • Buses, netbus, proximity bus • eCars, eFreight distribution • Carpool and shared vehicles • Managed lanes, VVI, IVI, unmanned driving • Pricing and fare integration • Planning, land price, legislation, governance… • Elderly, handicapped & MRP • Urban safety • OUT • Segways • Kickbicycles, tricycles • Motorcycles with 3 wheels • Lean cars • PRT, AGT, monorails • Tramways (electric BRTs) • Trolley buses • Paratransit with buses • AMW moving walkways • Freight in tramways/ metros • Speed

23. Conclusions (1) “Barcelona model” of mobility:  Safety  Sustainability  Social equity  Efficiency  Agreement (deal) and social consensus  Metropolitan perspective

24. Conclusions (2) • “Package of soft management measures” in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to hard physical infrastructures of “technology driven innovations” • Service management (TSM) and shared vehicles and infrastructures • Re-engineering of current mobility services (netbus, MFD, etc.) • Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior: the livable and convivial city (social “deal” and consensus) • Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes • Emissions and energy issues will improve but urban safety and congestion will remain • Major concerns and constraints remain about water, energy and climate change • Need “functional” laws and governance in mobility • European policy and guidelines regardless of subsidiarity

25. Francesc Robusté • f.robuste@upc.edu • +34 93 4017104 Moving towards the livable city of the future Director of CENIT (Center for Innovation in Transport, Barcelona) and Professor of Transportation at BarcelonaTech. President of the Spanish Transportation Engineering Association. Expert of World Bank, UN-Habitat, OECD-JTRC, etc. Has SCI publications in Transportation Science, Transportation Research A, B, C, and E, Transportmetrica, IEEE Transactions on ITS, Journal of Tr. Eng., Tr. Res. Record, etc.