WELCOME ALL OF YOU

1. WELCOME ALL OF YOU on Recent Trends in Nanotechnology Presented By: Submitted to: Amit Kumar Asst. Prof. Miss Priya Chabra Asst. Prof. Mr. Sachin

2. Defination • A nanometer is a billionth of a meter. Itís difficult to imagine anything so small, but think of something only 1/80,000 the width of a human hair. Ten hydrogen atoms could be laid side-by-side in a single nanometer.  • Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices, and systems through the manipulation of matter on this miniscule scale. The emerging field of nanotechnology involves scientists from many different disciplines, including physicists, chemists, engineers, and biologists. • There are many interesting nanodevices being developed that have a potential to improve cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment.

3. Father of Nanotechnology Richard Feynman’s famous presentation “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” was in the 1959 at the American Physical Society. Here he asked: • Why can’t we manipulate materials atom by atom? • Why can’t we control the synthesis of individual molecules? • Why can’t we build machines to accomplish these things?

4. "Nano" • Nanoscale - 1-100 nm, roughly • Nanostructure - an object that has nanoscale features • Nanoscience - the behavior and properties of nanostructures • Nanotechnology - the techniques for making and characterizing nanostructures and putting them to use • Nanomanufacturing - methods for producing nanostructures in reliable and commercially viable ways

5. Introduction to Nanotechnology • Some things we will discuss: • How big are nanostructures Scaling down to the nanoscale • How are nanostructures made? Fabrication, synthesis, manufacturing • Why do we care? Applications to science, technology and society

6. Why do we want to make things small? • To make products smaller, cheaper, faster and better by "scaling" them down. • To introduce new physical phenomena for science and technology. (Quantum behavior and other effects.) • Nanomaterials have superior properties than the bulk substances.(Mechanical strength, Thermal ability, Catalytic activity, Electrical conductivity, Magnetic properties, Optical properties.)

7. Nanoparticle Synthesis Process • Top-Down Attrition / Milling. • Bottom-Up   Physical vapour deposition. Chemical vapour deposition. Lithography. Sol-gel process Nanomanipulaion.

8. Nanostructured Materials • If we confine the movement of a nano particle in any direction or dimension like x, y or z we can produce • Two Dimentional nanostructured - Thin Films. • One Dimentional nanostructured - Wires. • Zero Dimentional nanostructured - Dots

9. Examples:Graphene, Carbonnanotube & C60

10. Application in various Fields • Electronics. • Medical or Healthcare. • Textile. • Food Industries. • Agriculture. • Environment. • Energy and Water management • Advanced materials

11. Products by NanotechnologyShoes which never wet and also there is no effect of oil and other liquid

12. Nanotechnology & Medicine • Gene therapy is yet another benefit of nanotechnology. Gene therapy, using nanotechnology, could result in the cure of many genetic diseases. • Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment. • Pharmacy. • Visualization. • Diagnoses. • Surgery.

13. Nanopharmacy • The nanoshells can be targeted to bond to cancerous cells by conjugating antibodies or peptides to the nanoshell surface. • By irradiating the area of the tumor with an infrared laser, the gold is heated sufficiently to cause death to the cancer cells.

14. Cancer and its type • Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. There are more than 100 different types of cancer. Most cancers are named for the organ or type of cell in which they start. • The main categories of cancer include: • Carcinoma - cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. • Sarcoma - cancer that begins in bone, fat, muscle or supportive tissue. • Lymphoma and myeloma - cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. • Central nervous system cancers - cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord.

15. Treatment of Cancer • Chemotherapy use of chemicals • Radiation Therapy use of radiations • Targeted Therapies Active & Passive targeted • Transplantation • In these technique we functionalize the nano particle and these particle may be of two type. • Biodegradable • Non Biodegradable

16. Functionalization of Dendrimers

17. Nanodevices Can Improve Cancer Detection and Diagnosis

18. Quantum Dots:

19. Nanoshells as Cancer Therapy

20. Improving Cancer Treatment

21. Doctors in a cell

22. Solar cell Conventional Solar cell Efficiency about 12% Because of optical losses

23. Texturing on Solar cell

24. Light Trapping Flat Vs Textured Light absorbed

25. Textured front and rear surfaces Front textured Rear textured

26. Solar cell with improved efficiency Solar cell with CNT Efficient about 36% Green World

27. Forbes Top 10 Nanotech Products • Canola Active. • O’Lala Foods Choco’la Chewing Gum. • Zelens Fullerene C-60 Face Cream. • Easton Sports Stealth CNT Bat. • Casual Apparel-Nanotex. • ArcticShield Socks- odor and fungus resistant. • Behr NanoGuard Paint. • Pilkington Active Glass. • NanoBreeze Air Purifier.

28. References • http://www.nano.gov/ • http://www.forbes.com/2003/12/29/cz_jw_1229soapbox.html • http://www.pveducation.org/ • http://nanohub.org/ • http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer • http://www.kanziuscancerresearch.org/betterway/

29. a Thank you