The Italian Attempted Invasion of Ethiopia in 1896

1. The Italian Attempted Invasion of Ethiopia in 1896

2. Emperor Menelik • Reigned as King of Shoa from 1865; Emperor of Ethiopia 1889-1913 • Often considered Ethiopia’s greatest ruler • Unified + modernized Ethiopia • Imported many firearms during his reign, allowing Ethiopia to become a military power

3. What Happened? Italy wanted to expand its empire into the interior of Africa and as a result signed the treaty of Ucciali treaty with Emperor Menelik of Ethiopia. This language in this treaty was ambiguous and the Italians interpreted it to mean that had established a protectorate over Ethiopia. Menelik rejected the treaty and defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adowa. After this the treaty of Addis Ababa was signed which recognized Ethiopian dependence.

4. Dates 1889-Treaty of Ucciali was signed 1893 – Treaty was denounced 1895- Fighting begins 1896- Battle of Adowa October 1896- Peace Treaty of Addis Ababa was signed, Ethiopian independence recognized

5. Battle of Adowa The Battle of Adowa occurred on March 1, 1896, between Menelik’s army and the Italian army, led by General Baratieri. The Ethiopian army had over 100,000 soldiers, as well as the support of the locals, whereas Baratieri had approximately 17,000 soldiers and the enmity of the locals. At the end, nearly 43% of the Italian army were dead or presumed dead, and they were forced to abandon their weapons and flee.

6. Legacy • Menelik gained a great deal of prestige • Peace Treaty of Addis Ababa signed October 26, 1896 – recognized independence of Ethiopia • After this treaty signed, many other governments (including France and Britain) recognized their independence and signed treaties of friendship • Ethiopia one of two remaining independent African nations • Addis Ababa became diplomatic center